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Chapter 7, 8, 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Topographically the term distal means | Farther from the trunk |
| The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts that are closer to the midline is | Medial |
| If the body is sliced so the result is a top and bottom portion, this is referred to as the | Transverse plane |
| During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note the presence of bilateral femur fractures. This means that | both femurs are broken |
| If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called | lysis |
| The integumentary system includes all of the following structures, EXCEPT | Blood vessels |
| What is the cribrifrom Plate | Horizontal bone through which the olfactory never filaments pass |
| The brain and spinal cord connect through a large opening at the base of the skull | Foramen magnum |
| Which of the following statements regarding the thyroid cartilage is correct | it is the anterior part of the larynx |
| Which portion of the spinal column articulate with the pelvis | Sacral |
| The point where the first cervical (c1) articulates with the base of the skull is | Atlanto-occipital joint |
| The upper section of the sternum is called | Manubrium |
| The first and second cervical vertebrae are called the | atlas and axis |
| Which of the following organs/structures lie in the retroperitoneal space | Kidneys |
| The most important nerve of the cervical plexus, which innervates the diaphragm | Vagus nerve |
| The thyroid gland is responsible for the | Metabolic rate |
| Decrease levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) result in | polyuria and diabetes insipidus |
| The thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the | Pericardium |
| Approximately two thirds of the heart muscle lies within a space in the thoracic cavity | Mediastinum |
| What type of valves are aortic and pulmonic valves | Semilunar |
| Blood enter the right atrium of the heart from the | vena cavae and coronary sinus |
| The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate is own electrical impulses | Automaticity |
| Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the | Pulmonary veins |
| Cardiac output | stroke volume multiplied by heart rate |
| Afterload is defined as the | degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps |
| Correct order , the return of blood from the systemic circulation to the heart | Capillaries, Venules, Veins, Vena Cava |
| Vessels or structures no part of the pulmonary circulation | Descending aorta |
| The pulmonary circulation is responsible for | ensuring that blood gets reoxyenated |
| As blood enters the lungs, it enters the alveoli by passing across the | pulmonary capillary |
| The respiratory cent of the brain is located in the | medulla |
| The hypoxic drive, a backup system to control breathing is stimulated when | arterial Pa02 levels decrease |
| Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of all body fluid | 25 percent |
| Which of the following physiologic response would you expect to see in a patient with a pH of 7.50? Decreased respirations | |
| Any vertical plan that is parallel to the median plan and divides the body into unequal left and right parts is called | sagittal plan |
| The study of the body functions in a diseased state is called | pathophysiology |
| When asking a patient to supinate his or her hand, you would expect him or her to | place the hand palm up |
| A patient is placed in the fowler’s position. The body | in a semireclining position |
| The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means | allows only certain substances to pass through it |
| Osmosis is the movement of a | solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration |
| The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | diffusion |
| The separation of the intracellular and extracellular area by selectively permeable membrane helps to maintain | homoeostasis |
| The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy is called | active transport |
| If too much water moves out of a cell, the cell shrinks, abnormally. This process | Crenation |
| Cardiac muscle comprise the heart. This muscle is | nonstriated and involuntary |
| Which of the following functions is NOT a function of the skin | Production of antibodies to foreign organisms |
| Which of the following structures comprise the axial skeleton? Skull, face, thoracic cage, vertebral column | |
| The three small bones in the middle ear are | incus, malleus and stapes |
| Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose following severe head trauma suggest | Facture of the cribriform plate |
| The first two cervical vertebrae, in descending order are | atlas and axis |
| How many pairs of ribs are attached directly to the sternum | 7 |
| The semilunar valves of the heart function by | preventing backflow of blood into the ventricles |
| The atrioventricular valves of the heart include the | tricuspid and mitral |
| The heart’s primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium is the | SA node |
| A medication that possesses a positive chronostropic effectis one that | increase heart rate |
| What is the function of baroreceptor | Monitoring changes in arterial pressure |
| The term inotropy refers to | strength of myocardial contractions |
| The majority of the body’s total body water is contained within the | intracellular space |
| A pH of 7.30 indicate | acidosis |
| Plasam comprise approximately % of blood | 55% |
| Angiogenesis is defined as | the growth of new vessels |
| Anaphylactic shock is characterized by | wheezing and widespread vasodilation |
| The most inferior portion of the heart is called | apex |
| In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes | vasoconstriction |
| Excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system will result in | Bradycardia |
| In decompensataed shock, systolic b/p is | less than 5th percentile for the age |
| The term inotrophy refers to the | strength of the myocardial contractions |
| Homeostasis is MOST defined as | a constant effort to preserve a degree of stability or equilibrium |
| Half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the | bones |
| The most major challenge of pH homeostasis is | acid production |
| The most prevalent cation of the extracellular fluid is | sodium |
| Which of the following organs occupy all four abdominal quadrants | small intestine and colon |
| The movement of water and a dissolved substance from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure is | Filtration |
| Distributive shock occurs when | Blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusions decreases |
| Acidosis is characterized by | increased in hydrogen ions and decrease in pH |
| Acid-base balance normally remains range of | 7.35-7.45 |
| 45% of the person’s body weight is | intracellular fluid |
| Hyperkalemia is defined as | elevated serum potassium level |
| What happens when the PaCO2 of the arterial blood increases | pH decrease and respirations increase |
| The paramedic is the BEST position to formulate an appropriate treatment plan for an ill patient if the paramedic | is able to identify the etiology of the patient’s illness |
| The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy | active transport |
| The cardinal sign of overhydration is | edema |
| When rennin is released | the angiotensis-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I to angiotensis II, which stimulate sodium resorption by the renal tubules |
| Orthostatic hypotension and oliguria are common manifestations of | dehydration |
| The average total body weight content of an adult female is what % of per body weight | 50 |
| An organ is composed of | various types of tissue |
| A Patient who overdosed on heroin and is unconscious with slow, shallow, respirations would MOST likely experience | acidosis |
| The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is | acute myocardial infraction |
| Renin is a protein that is released into the bloodstream by______ in response to changes in_____ | kidneys and blood pressure |
| The majority of the body’s water is contained within the | intracellular space |
| Aldosterone acts on the kidneys by | increasing sodium reabsorption into the blood and enhancing the potassium elimination in the urine |
| The primary respiratory stimulus in a healthy adult is | increased arterial carbon dioxide level |
| Nonstriated muscle is also called ______ muscle | smooth |
| A loss of normal sympathetic nervous system tone causes | neurogenic shock |
| The study of the functioning of an organism in the presence of disease is called | pathophysiology |
| A Diabetic patient who failed to take his or her insulin and presents with peaked T waves on the cariac monitor and muscle weakness is most likely | hyperkalemic |
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