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Govt/Econ
Capter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| US's 2 court systems = | supreme court & lower federal courts, state courts |
| state courts = established through __________ | federalism |
| supreme court & lower federal courts = established by __________ | article 3 |
| federal courts decide cases by applying _________ & __________ to facts of particular cases | constitutional principles, relevant statues |
| types of legal cases (2) | criminal law, civil law |
| criminal law = | involves nonviolent crimes & violent crimes |
| civil law = | involves disputes between individuals over property, money, contracts, or personal well-being |
| plaintiffs do what? | bring suits against defendants seeking redress, often monetary damages |
| article 3 establishes the | supreme court |
| constitution left organization of federal court system up to . . . | congress |
| judiciary act of 1789 established the . . . | federal court levels |
| federal court levels (3) | trial courts, courts of appeal, the supreme court |
| trial courts = | district courts |
| courts of appeal = | circuit courts |
| ____% of all court cases heard in state courts | 99 |
| cases heard in federal courts = __% | 1 |
| congress assigns ____ based on geography | jurisdictions |
| federal district courts are divided by . . . | congressional statues |
| federal courts are divided by congressional statues into ___ districts | 94 |
| judicial districts are in turn organized into ________ circuits | 11 appellate |
| total of ___ appellate circuits | 13 |
| judicial districts review decisions of district courts / | courts of appeals |
| supreme court`= _________ court | highest |
| supreme court has ___ chief in justice & __ associate justices | 1, 8 |
| all federal judges are appointed by ______ & confirmed by _______ for life terms | president, senate |
| ___% of cases heard in state courts involving violations of state laws | 99 |
| if a case is brought to trial, it will be heard in a ________ in front of a judge | state trial court |
| if defendant is found guilty, he/she may _____ to state's supreme court | appeal |
| most cases are settled before trials through negotiations (__________) | plea bargains |
| negotiations = | plea bargains |
| cases are heard in federal court if they involve: (3) | federal laws, treaties with other nations, u.s. constitution |
| federal cases are brought to US _____ courts (____ courts across the country) | district, 94 |
| convictions can be appealed at one of the 13 US courts of appeals & ultimately to the supreme court except cases selected by _____ | SCOTUS |
| 94 district courts function with ____ judgeships as trial courts of general jurisdiction | 663 |
| federal district courts have jurisdiction over federal _________ | criminal cases |
| federal criminal cases = | mail fraud, counterfeiting, smuggling, tax invasion, etc. |
| district courts also serve as first federal court to ________ | hear cases involving constitutional questions |
| decisions made by district courts & rulings can be brought to . . . | federal courts of appeals |
| most federal cases are dismissed by ______ | SCOTUS |
| __ chief justice(s) | 1 |
| ___ associate justice(s) | 8 |
| the supreme law of the land consists of | chief and associate justices |
| chief justice (person)= | John Roberts |
| associate justices (people #)= | 8 |
| judicial review = | power of courts to declare laws & actions of legislative & executive branches invalid or unconstitutional |
| judicial nationalism = | decisions made under chief justice marshall favored federal government at the expense of the states' governments |
| judicial review applies to (4) = | acts of congress, state actions, federal agency actions, and actions of the president |
| public law = | law between society? *LOOK UP* |
| stare decisis = | *LOOK UP* |
Created by:
laneymilbacon