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chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | building blocks of matter |
proton | positive charge found in nucleus |
neutron | neutral charge |
valence | electrons on the last shell of an atom |
atomic mass | number of protons and electrons |
atomic number | number of protons and electrons |
nucleus | center of atom holds protons and electrons |
Bohr diagram (()) | shows all electrons |
quark | makes up protons and electrons held together by gluons |
chemical symbol | represents the chemical |
energy level | the different rings. |
electron | negative charge |
Lewis structure | shows valence electrons |
isotopes | c12 c13 c14 |
lepton | makes up electrons |
periodic table | the system used to show and order elements |
period | the rows of the periodic table |
group/family | the columns of the periodic table |
metals | good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile and even shiny |
nonmetals | do not conduct heat or electricity |
metalloids | have some properties of metals and nonmetals called a semiconductor |
Compound | two or more substances chemically combined |
Mixture | two or more substances not combined chemically |
Matter | anything with mass or volume |
chemical property | describes how a substance will react to another substance |
physical property | used to describe the physical characteristics of matter such as shape or size |
physical change | a change in size shape or state |
chemical change | (chemical reaction) creates a new substance |
monomers | molecules that are linked together to make a plymer |
polymer | made of monomers such as DNA |
petrochemicals | chemicals made of petroleum |
Ion | atom that has lost or gained electrons |
Ionic bond | the transfer of bonding metals or nonmetals |
covalent bond | bond between two non metals that involves sharing |
Chemical equation | what represents a chemical reaction |
Reactants | substance that starts a reaction |
product | 2MgO |
oxidation number | hypothetical numbers assigned to an individual atom or ion |
conservation of mass | states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy (both of which have mass), the mass of the system must remain constant |
chemical formula | The final product of a chemical reaction |