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ASTR Chapter 5 book

QuestionAnswer
What is Stellar Evolution? The changes that take place in stars as they age. The life cycle of stars
Are new stars still being born today? Yes. In gigantic clouds of gas and dust, as in the Orion Nebula
List the three main steps in the birth of a star? Gravitational Contraction within a cloud of gas and duct, rise in the interior temperature and pressure, Nuclear fusion
The outward pressure of the very hot gasses balances the inward pull of gravity. This balance is called? Hydrostatic equilibrium
Approximately how long does prostars to reach zero age main sequence (to be born)? A. Stars like our sun about 50 million years
Approximately how long does prostars to reach zero age main sequence (to be born)? B. Stars with mass much greater than the Sun's? about 2000 years
Approximately how long does prostars to reach zero age main sequence (to be born)? C. Stars with mass much less than the sun's? about 200 million years
What is the source of energy that lets main sequence stars shine? nuclear fusion eactions in which hydrogen is converted into helium
What types of stars are expected to live longest? Those with small mass, such as red dwarfs
What types of stars are expected to live the shortest? Very massive stars, such as blue giants
about how much longer is the sun expected to shine as it does now? about 5 billion years
When does a star begin to change from a main sequence star into a red giant? When it has converted all of the available hydrogen fuel in its core into helium.
Astronomers believe that elements like carbon and oxygen, which we need for life, are made where? inside red giant stars.
Name three characteristics of a pulsating variable star that change periodically? size, luminosity, temperature
What characteristic of a star determines the way it finally dies? it's mass
What is a White Dwarf? a small (dying) star of low luminosity and high surface temperature, typically about the size of Earth but with mass equal to the sun. . IT is mostly made of electrons and nuclei, and has exhausted all of its nuclear fuel and can't deal pull of gravity.
What kind of stars die as type II supernova's? Very massive stars (about 8 or more of the sun's mass)
Which do you think are more abundant in the universe, elements lighter than iron or those heavier than iron. Lighter elements. These elements have much more time to form. Elements lighter than iron are producted from primordial hydrogen over a long period of time. While those that are heavier are only produced during the brief interval when the star explodes, at
How would you expect the force of gravity on the surface of a pulsar to compare to the force of gravity on Earth? Much greater than a pulsar. The force of gravity is stronger the closer matter is packed, and a pulsar is extremely dense.
What do you think would happen if an unlucky spaceship passed very close to a black hole in space? The strong gravitational pull of the black hole would pull the spaceship in, producing a destructive force that would increase as the ship fell in and that would eventually tear it apart.
How do astronomers check a theory of stellar evolution? They predict what changes in luminosity and temperature should take place in the stars as they age. Then they compare these theroretical tracks of evolution on H-R diagrams with H-R diagrams for real stars.
List three main steps in the birth of a star? Gravitational contraction of a cloud of gas and dust, rise in interior temperature and pressure, nuclear fusion
What is the main source of the energy that a main sequence star shines into space? Nuclear fusion reactions in the core (hydrogen is converted to Helium)
For stars of the same initial chemical composition, what property determines the length of time it takes for the stars to evolove Mass
Why will the sun stop shining as a main sequence star about 5 billion years from now? The Sun will leave the main sequence when all the available hydrogen fuel in in its core is used up so that it no longer has an internal energy source.
Of the seven stages, List stage 1 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? Prostar
Of the seven stages, List stage 2 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? Main Sequence Star
Of the seven stages, List stage 3 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? red giant
Of the seven stages, List stage 4 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? variable star
Of the seven stages, List stage 5 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? Planetary nebula ejected
Of the seven stages, List stage 6 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? white dwarf
Of the seven stages, List stage 7 in the LIFE CYCLE of a star like our Sun in order from birth to death? dead black dwarf
Of the seven stages, list stage 1 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. Prostar
Of the seven stages, list stage 2 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. main sequence
Of the seven stages, list stage 3 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. red giant
Of the seven stages, list stage 4 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. variable
Of the seven stages, list stage 5 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. Type II Supernova
Of the seven stages, list stage 6 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. Pulsar / neutron star
Of the seven stages, list stage 7 in the evolution of EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE STARS, in order from birth to death. Possible black hole
Why are elements that are light than iron, such as hydrogen, helium, carbon, and oxygen so much more abundant in the universe than are the elements heavier than iron? Hydrogen and some helium were probably the original elements in the universe. The other elements that are lighter than iorn are formed inside aging stars over a period of time. heavier than iron are formed only during the brief period of time of supernova
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: BIRTHPLACE OF STARS. Orion Nebula
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: BLACK HOLE CANDIDATE Cygnus X-1
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: BLUE GIANT Rigel in Orion
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: MAIN SEQUENCE STAR Sun
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: NEUTRON STAR Crap pulsar in Taurus
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: PULSATING VARIABLE STAR Mira in Cetus
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: RED GIANT Betelgeuse in Orion
Theory of stellar evolution matched to real sky object: SUPERNOVA REMNANT Crab nebula in Taurus
What is a black hole? A super dense, gravitationally collapsed mass from which no light, matter, or signal of any kind can escape.
Created by: enduringgrace
 

 



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