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orthodontics
ortho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| orthodontics is? | the specialty that focuses on the recognition, prevention and treatment malalignment and irregularities of the teeth, jaws & facial profile |
| orthodontist | examines patients, make diagnosis and treatment plans, performs ortho procedures. |
| laboratory tech | pour and trim models, constructs ortho appliances and retainers |
| ortho assistant | take impressions, intra-oral xrays, extra-oral xrays, intra-oral measurements and tracing, assist and consultation, general chairside, polish teeth, oral hygiene instructions and apply enamel sealants |
| normal occlusion | the ideal relationship mandibular arch and max arch - focus on occusal contacts, alignment of teeth and arrangement of teeth within the arches |
| characterstics of normal occlusion | mandibular teeth are in maximum contact with max teeth - not rotated and normally spaced, ant. teeth overlap 2 mm, the max post. teeth are 1 cusp distal to the mandibular post. teeth |
| torsoversion | tooth is rotated or turned |
| mesialversion | tooth is mesial to normal position |
| distoversion | tooth is distal to normal position |
| linguoversion | tooth is lingual to normal position |
| labialversion or buccoversion | tooth is tipped toward the lip or cheek |
| supraversion | tooth extends above the normal line of occlusion |
| infraversion | tooth is positioned below the normal line of occlusion |
| transversion or transposition | tooth is in the wrong order in the arch |
| the most common classification of malocclusion | angles classification |
| neutrocclusion | similar to normal, with individual teeth or groups of teeth out of position |
| distocclusion | division 1 - maxillary teeth and labial version division 2 - mandibular teeth of lingual version |
| mesiocclusion | Mandibular teeth mesial to normal occlusion |
| anterior crossbite | maxillary incisors are lingual to the opposing mandibular incisors |
| posterior crossbite | maxillary posterior teeth are lingual to mandibular teeth |
| edge to edge | cusp to cusp |
| openbite | still open |
| overjet | horizontal |
| overbite | vertical overlap |
| underjet | bulldog- |
| Etiology of malocclusion | genetic or heredity=supernumerary teeth, clefts, abnormal jaw,and missing teeth |
| systemic factors include | diseases and nutritional disturbances- during infancy and early childhood development |
| local factors | trauma & habits, like thumb sucking tongue thrusting etc |
| types of ortho treatment | maintain a normal occlusion, improve appearance, eliminate problems, and correction several facial and oral deformities with surgeon |
| preventive and interceptive ortho | placing restorations, space maintainers, recognizing abnormalities, observing growth patterns, correcting bad habits, extracting teeth to prevent overcrowding, removing baby teeth for permanent teeth |
| corrective ortho - improving existing problems | most common during last stage of mixed dentition entering full permanent dentition |
| fixed appliances | attached to the teeth and cannot be removed by patient - includes braces, bands, brackets, archwires, and ties |
| removable appliances | inserted into the mouth and removed by patient includes functional retainers |
| orthognathic surgery | for severe cases |
| resorption | eliminates tissues no longer needed by the body |
| deposition | deposits new cells |
| osteoclasts | specialized bone cells that cause the bone to break down or resorb |
| osteoblasts | deposit new bone to hold tooth in new position |
| the principles of tooth movement | magnitude of force, duration of application of force, direction and distribution of force |
| pre-ortho treatment | diagnostic records, medical-dental history, clinical exam, xrays, photos, study models |
| consultation appointment | allow sufficient time for info, costs are explained, responsibility of patient is explained and arrangements are made |
| ortho bands | thin stainless steel, GI polycarboxylate, ZP are common cements. Used on posterior teeth to control movement |
| brackets | welded to bands or bonded directly to tooth. Hold the arch wire in place. Posterior teeth - cemented or welded to band. Anterior teeth - made of stainless steel, ceramic, or acrylic and are cemented or bonded to teeth. |
| arch wire | a wire that conforms to the shape of the arch. Places in the brackets and through a buccal tube on a molar. This is the force used to correct the position of teeth. |
| Ligature wires and plastic rings | ligature wire - precut, wrapped around bracket, tightened by twisting. Plastic rings - slip over the bracket to secure the wire |
| Buccal tubes | Small cylinders of metal welded to the molar bands. Provide a means of attachment for the arch wire to the band in the posterior area. |
| Special fixed appliances | lingual braces (ivisalign), lingual arch wire, space maintainer, palatal expander |
| Removeable appliances | Headgear, functional appliances, retainers (hawley most common), tooth positioner, aesthetic orth aligners, herbst, bionator and frankel - help |
| orthodontic imaging | robotic production of shape-memory alloy arch wire, less pain, shorter treatment, more $$$ |
| coon ligature wires | manipulates wire |
| mathieu needle holder | ties wire and places ligatures |
| ligature director | tucks wire ends into interproximal spaces (or use a small condenser) |
| pin and ligature cutter or light wire cutter | cuts thin ligature wire |
| howe pliers | utility pliers to manipulate wire |
| band seater | seats posterior metal bands |
| scaler | removes excess cement |
| bite stick band seater | uses force of occlusion to seat the band |
| band driver | pushes band into place |
| posterior band removing pliers | remove posterior bands |
| contouring pliers | stretches & shapes bands to adapt to tooth |
| bracket forceps | placement and position |
| wire-bending pliers | (bird beak) contours wire and forms springs |
| elactic seperatoring pliers | place elastic on brackets |
| three-prong pliers | adjusts and bend wore clasps |
| weingart utility pliers | forms loops and springs |
| tweed loop pliers | forms loops and springs in wire |
| distal-end cutting pliers | intraorally, to cut distal ends of wires- doesnt go in patient throat |
Created by:
abby4414