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Stack #1745824
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to a 2010 national opinion poll, what percent of respondents thought that the death penalty could deter crime? | 43% |
| According to a 2008 national opinion poll, what percent of respondents chose deterrence as their most important reason for supporting the death penalty? | 9.7% |
| What does research show about states with and without capital punishment and their homicide rates? | rates are the same |
| 4. Does research show that the death penalty has a marginal deterrent effect? | no |
| 5. What did Professor Sellin find regarding the availability of capital punishment and the rate of police killings? | no effect |
| 6. What does research show about the safety of prison staff members and inmates in prisons in death penalty states and prisons in abolition states? | threat of death penalty does not deter |
| 7. What do studies show about changes in murder rates before and after abolition and/or reinstatement of the death penalty? | no effect |
| 8. What does research reveal about murder rates following a highly publicized execution? | no effect |
| 9. When was the death penalty first shown by sophisticated statistical methods to be a deterrent to murder, and who was the researcher? | 1975 by Isaac ehrlich |
| 10. What did Economics Professor Joanna Shepherd report in her testimony before Congress in 2003? | economists believe capital punishment deters crime based on recent studies |
| 11. How many of the 95 deterrence studies reviewed by Economics Professor Bijou Yang and Psychology Professor David Lester found a deterrent effect of capital punishment? | 60 |
| 12. How many of the 95 deterrence studies reviewed by Economics Professor Bijou Yang and Psychology Professor David Lester found a brutalization effect of capital punishment? | 35 |
| 13. How many death row inmates since 1976 have voluntarily given up their appeals because they preferred death to LWOP? | more than 100 |
| 14. What does Professor Zimring and his colleagues’ comparative study show about execution and homicide rates in Singapore and Hong Kong? | Singapore's homicide rate was not affected by decrease/increase of executions and absence of executions in hong kong didn't affect homicide rate |
| 15. What did the American Society of Criminology do about the death penalty in 1989, and why did it do it? | passed a resolution condemning capital punishment and called for its abolition because of no evidence of crime deterrence through execution |
| 16. What did a recent survey of 67 current and past presidents of the top three criminology professional organizations find about the death penalty and the deterrence of homicide? | 80% of them believe that the death penalty is no greater a deterrent to homicide than long imprisonment |
| 17. What do most police chiefs believe about the death penalty and violent crime? | do not believe the death penalty significantly reduces the number of homicides |
| 18. How many federal prison officials were murdered during the 1980’s when the federal death penalty was suspended? | 5 |
| 19. According to police records from the National Bureau of Prisons, what percent of criminal homicides per year have resulted in executions since 1930? | less than 2% |
| 20. Approximately what percent of murders and non-negligent manslaughters are currently believed to be capital crimes or death-eligible? | 10-25% |
| 21. What is used as evidence or an explanation of the so-called brutalizing or counter-deterrent effect of the death penalty? | suicide-murder syndrome and executioner syndrome |
| 22. According to Professor Bowers, how might executions stimulate homicides? | executions demonstrate that it is correct and appropriate to kill those who have gravely offended us |
| 23. In a recent national opinion poll, approximately what percent of supporters of capital punishment chose incapacitation as the most important reason for their support? | 12.7% |
| 24. How many death row inmates have ever escaped from prison? | 19 |
| 25. What did a recent study find about capital murderers sentenced to LWOP compared to death-sentenced inmates or other murderers sentenced to terms of imprisonment regarding their threat to other prisoners and correctional staff? | LWOP prisoners were no greater threat to other prisoners or staff than death-sentenced inmates |
| 26. What do LWOP inmates have to “lose” if they kill or commit other infractions in prison? | visits, access to mail and telephone, buying items from the commissary, vocational and educational classes, recreational activities |
| 27. What was unusual about Stanley “Tookie” Williams? | nominated for 2001 nobel peace prize for his series of childrens books and international peace efforts |
| 28. What type of offender is most likely to kill inside prisons? | death-eligible offenders |
| 29. According to a recent study of life-sentenced Texas capital murder defendants, approximately what percent of them are likely to commit a repeat murder over a 40-year period? | .2% |
| 30. According to recent studies of life-sentenced Texas, Federal Bureau of Prisons, and Florida capital murder defendants, what factor is the most influential predictor of prison violence? | age factor |
| 31. By 2005, what percent of the 589 Furman-commuted death row inmates released from prison were returned to prison? | 34% |
| 32. By 2005, how many of the 589 Furman-commuted death row inmates released from prison likely killed again? | less than 2% |
| 33. According to the evidence, what percent of convicted capital offenders probably will not kill again? | more than 98% |
| 34. Have any Furman-commuted death row inmates been returned to death row after killing again? | yes |
| 35. According to a recent national opinion poll, approximately what percent of the supporters of capital punishment selected “Saves taxpayers money” as the first or second most important reason for their support? | 10.6% |
| 36. In an analysis of nearly 4,000 New York Times stories about capital punishment published from 1960 through 2005, how many stories mentioned cost on either side of the debate? | 20 |
| 37. According to a recent estimate, how much does the death penalty cost California taxpayers annually, and what would it approximately cost California taxpayers annually for a comparable system that sentenced inmates to LWOP instead of death? | $137 million per year $11.5 million per year |
| 38. According to the available evidence, what is the average cost per execution in the United States? | 2.5 million to 5 milliom |
| 39. Approximately how much did the state of Florida reportedly spend to execute serial murderer Ted Bundy in 1989? | 10 million |
| 40. Approximately how much did the federal government reportedly spend to execute mass murderer Timothy McVeigh in 2001? | more than 100 million |
| 41. Assuming an LWOP sentence is the result of a successful plea bargain and an inmate sentenced to LWOP lives 31 years, what is the approximate cost of an LWOP sentence? | 1 million |
| 42. Why will the costs of a death sentence probably always be more expensive than the costs of an LWOP sentence? | super due process is only required in capital cases |
| 43. How much longer is the investigation of potentially capital crimes compared to the investigation of other felonies, and why? | 3 to 5 times longer because of bifuricated trial |
| 44. What is frequently the most expensive part of the pre-trial process in death penalty cases? | filing of motions |
| 45. Of what are the enormous costs of capital punishment a product? | the number of people the death penalty jurisdiction attempts to execute |
| 46. What are the “opportunity costs” in the context of capital punishment? | extra time district attorneys spend trying capital cases and extra court time |
| 47. What do many prosecutors and defense attorneys believe is the key element in a capital case? | jury selection |
| 48. How many attorneys are required for capital defendants in many states? | 2 |
| 49. How have capital trial costs affected some counties? | caused application to become arbitrary and discriminatory |
| 50. What do prosecutors do in some death-eligible cases rather than incur the expense? | forego capital trials and plea agreements |
| 1. Which stage is generally considered the most expensive part of the entire death penalty process? | post-trial stage |
| 52. Does the federal government require legal representation for capital defendants pursuing federal habeas corpus appeals? | no |
| 53. Compared to other parts of the death penalty process, how expensive is it to put people to death? | inexpensive |
| 54. How many jurisdictions have statutory provisions for indemnifying the wrongly convicted (in capital and non-capital cases)? | 29 |
| 55. Currently, how many death penalty jurisdictions have LWOP? | all 34 states and the U.S. military |
| 56. Do the laws of most death penalty jurisdictions permit elderly death row inmates to be housed in geriatric facilities inside prisons or placed in “end of life” programs? | no |
| 57. According to M. Watt Espy, Jr, approximately what percent of those persons executed in the United States since 1608 have been innocent of the crimes for which they were executed? | 5% |
| 58. In the twentieth century, how many government officials in the United States admitted to being involved in the execution of an innocent person? | zero |
| 59. According to Bedau and Radelet, how many people were wrongly convicted of capital crimes in the United States in the 20th century? | 496 |
| 60. According to the Bedau and Radelet, how many people were wrongfully executed for capital crimes in the United States in the 20th century? | 23 |
| 61. Has the average number of innocent death row inmates being released been increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same? | increasing |
| 62. How many people may have been executed in error in the United States since 1976 and the implementation of “Super Due Process”? | 27 |
| 63. Have “Super Due Process” protections made a difference in the incidence of wrongful convictions in capital cases? | no |
| 64. In what case did the Supreme Court create the harmless error rule? | chapman v. California |
| 65. For what type of error and condition will appellate courts reverse convictions and sentences? | serious or prejudicial |
| 66. In the case of a claim of innocence based on new evidence, Virginia has the shortest deadline in the US. How long does Virginia give a defendant to make a claim of innocence following conviction? | within 21 days of conviction |
| 67. According to the Liebman study, approximately what percent of the fully reviewed state death sentences imposed between 1973 and 1995 were reversed at one of the appeal stages because of serious or prejudicial errors? | 2/3rds |
| 68. According to the Liebman study, in approximately what percent of the reversals by state post-conviction courts did the defendant deserve a sentence other than death when the errors were cured on retrial? | 82% |
| 69. According to the Liebman study, in what percent of the reversals by state post-conviction courts was the defendant found to be innocent of the capital crime? | 7% |
| 70. According to Gross, during which of the following stages do most errors in capital cases occur? | police investigation |
| 71. What is the term used to describe the practice of crime lab technicians fabricating results to support police suspicions without ever testing the evidence? | dry labbing |
| 72. In what percent of the cases studied in a 2004 Chicago Tribune investigation of 200 DNA and death row exonerations nationwide between 1984 and 2004 was original forensic testing or testimony flawed? | more than 25% |
| 73. What do decades of research show about the reliability of eyewitnesses? | eyewitnesses aren't good at identifying criminal offenders especially when under stress or identifying offenders of a different race |
| 74. Who are the most powerful people under the capital punishment process? | prosecutors |
| 75. In a recent study of 88 cases under post-Furman statutes in which people were completely exonerated of crimes for which they were sentenced to die, what type of prosecutor misconduct occurred most frequently? | withholding exculpatory evidence |
| 76. What was the foremost cause of wrongful convictions in capital cases found by Bedau and Radelet and the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University Law School? | perjury by prosecution witnesses |
| 77. Do prosecutors have a legal obligation to release crime evidence for DNA analysis once a trial has been concluded so that a convicted defendant can prove his or her innocence? | no |
| 78. In a study of 381 murder convictions since 1963 that were reversed because of police or prosecutor misconduct, how many prosecutors who broke the law were convicted or disbarred for their misconduct? | zero |
| 79. Are prosecutors protected from civil suits when they knowingly allow perjured testimony or deliberately conceal evidence of innocence? | a. yes b 75% of murderers with court-appointed attorneys were sentenced to death while only 33% of murderers with private attorneys were sentenced to death |
| 80. What did a 1990 National Law Journal study find about legal representation of poor capital defendants in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas? | lawyers who had never handled capital cases, lacked training, made little effort, or had been reprimanded or disciplined |
| 81. Have attorneys who have slept through capital trials been considered “not effective”? | yes |
| 82. How many death penalty states have adopted minimum guidelines or standards or created an agency to promulgate standards for the appointment of counsel at either the trial or appellate level or both in capital cases? | 30 |
| 83. Have some judges appointed lawyers licensed to practice law to represent a capital defendant, even if the lawyer’s practice was limited to mostly real estate or divorce law? | yes |
| 84. In what 1984 case did the Supreme Court provide guidelines as to when counsel may become ineffective? | Strickland v. Washington |
| 85. What must a capital defendant making a claim of ineffective counsel demonstrate? | attorneys performance was deficient based on "prevailing professional norms" and attorneys deficient performance contributed to adverse outcome of case |
| 86. defendants with private lawyers at trial were how many times more likely to be exonerated and released from death row than defendants with court-appointed attorneys? | 9 times |
| 87. In Strickland v. Washington, why did the Court refuse to adopt performance guidelines for evaluating counsel in capital cases? | Purpose of the effective assistance guarantee was not to improve the quality of legal representation no set of rules can take into account the variety of circumstances, adoption of standards would encourage ineffectiveness claims |
| 88. What process generally provides the final opportunity to consider whether a death sentence should be imposed? | clemency |
| 89. How many jurisdictions have provisions for granting clemency? | 52 |
| 90. What is the most common type of clemency employed in capital cases? | reprieve |
| 91. How many pardons were granted to condemned inmates between 1973 and 2011? | 7 |
| 92. What is a major problem in police investigations of capital crimes? | police don't have an open and objective mind |
| 93. As of 2010, how many death penalty states give inmates the right to use the latest DNA testing? | 33 |
| 94. According to Professor Baumgartner and his colleagues, what is the single most important factor in focusing the media’s, and through the media, the public’s attention on the issue of innocence? | innocence projects |
| 95. Do victims of miscarriages of justice in capital cases frequently receive indemnity from the state that wrongfully convicted them? | yes |
| 96. What are the ways that wrongfully convicted death row inmates may be compensated? | filing compensation claim, lawsuits, private legislation or private donations |
| 97. According to a study conducted in Florida during the spring of 2009, approximately what percent of respondents believed that between 2 and 20 percent of all capital defendants have been wrongfully convicted? | 87% |
Created by:
coltrpowell