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anatomy 3
chapters 7-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteoclasts are | cells that break down bone matrix. |
| Which of the following increases the risk of developing osteoporosis? | Low intake of dietary calcium Lack of physical exercise Family history of the condition |
| A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the | maxillae |
| A compound fracture | exposes the broken bone to the outside. |
| The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) | irregular bone |
| Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone? | osteons |
| Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone? | Hydroxyapatite |
| Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis? | A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones. |
| In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in ______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______. | rickets; retardation of bone development |
| A 6mo baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions? | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| The clavicles | provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs. |
| Which is true of sex hormones? | They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates. |
| Which one of the following is true? | Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae. |
| Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the | middle ear |
| The hard palate is composed of the | maxillary and palatine bones. |
| Endochondral ossification ______, whereas intramembranous ossification ______. | replaces hyaline cartilage; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue |
| Which of the following are components of the pelvic girdle? | hip bones |
| The thyroid hormone thyroxine ______. | stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate |
| The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of | the zygomatic and temporal bones. |
| Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are | osteoclasts and phagocytes. |
| A synchondrosis | allows bone growth |
| A sprain involves | overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint. |
| Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? | symphysis |
| A muscle end attached to a less movable or relatively fixed part is called the | origin |
| The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the | shoulder joint |
| The rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of | tendons and fibrous connective tissue. |
| Bones of a synovial joint are held together by | a joint capsule |
| Types of fibrous joints include | syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints. |
| A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is a(n) | dorsiflexion. |
| Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are | flexion and extension |
| In rheumatoid arthritis | the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens, forming a mass. articular cartilage is damaged and fibrous tissue invades. fibrous tissues ossify and bones fuse. |
| Disuse of the joints ____________ which hastens stiffening. | hampers blood flow |
| Glucosamine and chondroitin are | dietary supplements from shells and cow cartilage. |
| Most of the joints in the ankle and wrist are | plane joints |
| A synchondrosis | allows bone growth |
| Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called | menisci |
| Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired? | Abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline |
| Cartilagenous joints are connected by | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| The type of muscle cell that lacks transverse tubules, has a single nucleus, and is under involuntary control is | smooth muscle |
| The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the | epimysium |
| The characteristic reddish brown color of skeletal muscle comes from which substance? | myoglobin |
| During muscle contraction ATP supplies energy for | myofilament moment |
| The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the | corabrachialis |
| Muscle fibers are basically a collection of | sarcomeres |
| Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome causes | headache. ringing in the ears. clicking sound from the jaw. |
| Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle | contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly. |
| The muscle that causes an action is the | agonist |
| A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension, this stimulates | muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin. |
| Which of the following is not true? | Red fibers have fewer mitochondria than white. |
| The triangle of auscultation, commonly used to hear sounds of respiratory organs, is located near the border of the | trapezius and latissimus dorsi. |
| Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross-bridges with molecules of | myosin |
| The type of muscle cell that lacks transverse tubules, has a single nucleus, and is under involuntary control is | smooth muscle |
| A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension, this stimulates | muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin. |
| A tendon is ______, whereas an aponeurosis is ______. | cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles |
| A motor unit is | a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it. |
| A sign of aging of the muscular system is | decreased supplies of myoglobin to muscles. |
| Both acetylcholine and norepinephrine can affect | smooth muscle contraction |
| Bones and muscles function as mechanical devices called | levers |
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