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ASTR Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 reasons why modern astronomers, physicists and engineers are using their most sophisticated techniques to determine the true nature of the sun? | 1. The sun is an almost inexhaustible source ofpresent and potential future energy. 2. The Sun is the only star close enough to observe in detail, so they can determine what other stars are like. |
| 3 reasons why modern astronomers, physicists and engineers are using their most sophisticated techniques to determine the true nature of the sun? | 3, Changes in the suns energy output affect Earth's climate atmosphere, and weather as well as power-transmission and communication systems. |
| What is an AU? | An Astronomical unit. |
| What does astronomical unit, or AU, mean? And, how big is it? | The average distance between Earth and Sun, called the Astronomical Unit, is about 150 million KM, or 93 million miles. |
| Is the sun about the size of a full moon? if it is or isn't why? | It is deceptive to think that the size of the sun is the size of a full moon. This illusion is because the sun is 400 times farther away. |
| Should you ever look directly at the sun? | No, you could permanently blind your eyes if you observe the Sun without first taking proper precautions. Never look at it directly. |
| Why do astronomers expect to find many other stars that have planets circling around them? | The Nebular theory says that the planets circling around the Sun were born together with their star. Since the Sun is a typical star, it seems likely that many other stars were also born together with a family of planets. |
| What is the Nebular theory? | Says that our Sun and its planets formed together from a rotating cloud of interstellar gas and dust called the solar nebula, about 5 billion years ago. |
| Who proposed the Nebular theory? | Immanuel Kant |
| How is it possible for different parts of the sun to rotate at different rates, in contrast to Earth, all of which makes a complete turn in a day? | The Sun is a gaseous sphere and not a rigid solid as is Earth. |
| Why do different features of the Sun appear in pictures taken in light of different wavelengths such as visible light, ultra violet light, or x-rays? | Different wavelengths are produced in regions of different temperatures where different conditions and activities prevail. |
| What causes granulation? | Gases rising from the sun's hot interior. |
| Why is it important to keep track of a sunspot cycle? | The sun is most active durning the years of sunspot maximums, pouring the greatest amount of energy and radiation into the Earth's environment. |
| What probably activates the violent outbursts of material that occur on the sun? | Very strong magnetic fields at the sites of sunspots. |
| What probably bends and controls the trajectory of the ejected gas in solar flares? | Strong magnetic fields in the vicinity of sunspots. |
| What probably bends and controls the trajectory of the ejected gases in solar flares and prominences? | Strong magnetic fields in the vicinity of sunspots. |
| List two effects that large solar flares have on modern technology on Earth? | 1. Disruption in power transmission 2. disruption in radio communications. |
| Explain the small number of solar neutrinos detected in early experiments? | Neutrino Oscilliations: neutrinos change from one type to another, and some were not counted before (astronomers rely on the results of the experiments. |
| Write a short summary describing three phenomena that indicate violent activity on the Sun, (and by extension other stars), and name their probable cause? | Answer should include 1. Sunspots, or dark, relativiely cool, temporary spots on the Suns photosphere. 2. Flares, or sudden, short lived outbursts of light and material near a sunspot. 3. Coronal mass ejections, or blasts of plasma from the corona. |
| Write a short summary describing three phenomena that indicate violent activity on the Sun, (and by extension other stars), and name their probable cause? | Probable cause is the Suns powerful magnetic fields. |
| How fast does the sun travel? | Very fast. About 250 KM/per second (45,000 miles / hour), carrying its planets along with it. |
| Where is the sun located? | With its planets inside the Milky Way Galaxy. It goes around our galaxy's center as the whole Galaxy turns around in space. |
| What is appropriate tool to the work of image processes in the hottest active regions of the sun? | Ultraviolet ray, X-Ray, and gamma Ray telescopes |
| What is appropriate tool to the work image corona outside solar eclipse? | Coronagraph |
| What is appropriate tool to the work photograph the Sun's visible surface? | Optical solar telescope |
| What is appropriate tool to the work image the Sun in the light of a particular element? | Spectroheliograph |
| What is appropriate tool to the work receive and record solar radio waves? | Radio telescopes |
| What is the estimate of the diameter of the sun? | 1,390,000 KM (864, 000 miles) |
| What is the estimated Mass of the Sun? | 2 X 10^30 KG |
| What is the estimated surface temperature of the Sun? | 5800 K or 10,000 degrees F. |
| Why is the sunspot cycle carefully monitored from Earth? | As an indicator of solar activity. The Sun is most active, with greatest outbursts of energy and radiation, during the years when sunspots are most numerous. Least active in the years of sunspot minimums. |
| Most energetic eruption of material from the solar corona? | Coronal Mass ejection |
| Bright Cell that looks like rice grain in the photosphere? | Granule |
| Dark, relatively cool blotches in the bright photosphere? | Sunspot |
| Elementary particles predicted to be produced in nuclear reactions in the core? | Solar Neutrino |
| The difference between radition and convection? | Radiation is kind of invisible. The sun or light bulb radiates and you can't see it. Convection has to have a media, it pushes back and forth. |
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enduringgrace