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Chapter 6
definintions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | The building blocks of matter. |
| compound | A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. |
| covalent bond | The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. |
| electron | Negative charged particles that are located outside the nucleus. |
| element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. |
| ion | An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons. |
| ionic bond | An electrical attaction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. |
| isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. |
| molecule | A compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds. |
| neutron | Particles that have no charge. |
| nucleus | A distinct central organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| proton | positively charged particles.. |
| van der Waals force | The Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals who first described the phenormenon. |
| activation energy | The minimum amouhnt of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| active site | The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. |
| catalyst | A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| chemical reaction | The process by which atoms or groups of atoms in a substance are recorganized by different substances. |
| enzyme | The biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reations in biological processes. |
| product | The substances formed during the reaction, are on the right side of the arrow. |
| reactant | The starting substances on the left side of the arrow. |
| substrate | The reatants that bind to the enzyme. |
| acid | Substances that release hydrogen ions when dissvolved in water. |
| base | Similarly substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water |
| buffer | Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the ph within a particular range. |
| hydrogen bond | A weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine,oxygen ,or nitrogen atom. |
| mixture | A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties. |
| pH | The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| polar molecule | Molecules that have an unequal distribution charges. |
| solute | The substance that dissolves in the solent. |
| solution | Another name for a homogeneous mixture. |
| solvent | A substance in which another substance is dissolved. |
| amino acid | Small compounds that are made of carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,and sometimes sulfur. |
| carbohydrate | Compounds composed of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. |
| lipid | Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats,oils and waxes. |
| macromolecule | Large molecules that are formed by joing smaller organic molecules together. |
| nucleic acid | The fourth group of biological macromolecules are nucleic acids. |
| nucleotide | Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon,nitrogen ,oxygen phosphorus,and hydrogen atoms. |
| polymer | Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monorners that are linked together by series of covalent bonds. |
| protein | A compound made of small compounds that are made of small carbon compounds. |
Created by:
austinmcgruder16
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