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Chapter 25 Vocab
Vocabulary from Chapter 25 of textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radioisotope | Isotopes of atoms with unstable nucei. |
| X-Ray | A form of high energy electromagnetic radiaion, emitted from certain materials that are in an excited electron state. |
| Nucleon | Subatomic particles found in the nucleus, protons and neutrons. |
| Strong Nuclear Force | A force that acts only on subatomic particles that are extremely close together, overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons. |
| Band of Stability | The region on a graph that represents number of neutrons vs number of protons, that illustrates stable nuclei of an atom. |
| Positron Emission | A radioactive decay process that involves the emission of a positron from a nucleus. |
| Positron | A particle with the same mass as an electron but opposite charge. |
| Electron Capture | Occurs when the nucleus of an atom draws in a surrounding electron. |
| Radioactive Decay Series | A series of nuclear reactions that begin with an unstable nucleus and results in the formation of a stable nucleus. |
| Transmutation | The conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element. |
| Induced Transmutation | The striking of a nucleus with a high-velocity charged particle. |
| Transuranium Elements | Elements immediately following Uranium on the periodic table, atomic numbers higher than or equal to 93. |
| Radiochemical Dating | The process of determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of a certain radioisotope remaining in that object. |
| Half-Life | The time required for one-half of a radioisotope's nuclei to decay into its products. |
| Mass Defect | The difference in mass between a nucleus and its omponent nucleons. |
| Nuclear Fission | The splitting of a nucleus into fragments. |
| Critical Mass | The neutrons released in one fission cause other fissions to occur. |
| Breeder Reactor | Reactors able to produce more fuel than they use. |
| Thermonuclear Reaction | The high energy, acheived at high temperatures, required to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between nuclei. |
| Nuclear Fusion | The combinin of atomic nuceli. |
| Ionizing Radiation | Radiation energetic enough to ionize matter with which it collides. |
| Radiotracer | A radioisotope that emits non-ionizing radiation and is used to to signal the presence of an element or specific substance. |
| Table N | Provides decay modes and half-life values for a variety of naturally radioactice elements. |
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Silvs216
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