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Chemistry 11
5/6/7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element. Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| Atomic Radius | The distance between the centre of the nucleus of an atom and the outermost electrons. |
| Covalent Bonding | Chemical bond resulting from the SHARING of electrons between bonding atoms. |
| Electrical Conductivity | The amount of electrical current that can pass through a material. |
| Electron | A NEGATIVELY charged particle within an atom; floats around the nucleus. |
| Electronegativity | Indicates how strongly an atom of that element attracts electrons in a chemical bond |
| Electron Dot Diagram | Lewis Structures (dots) that gives an easier way to emphasize an atoms valence electrons (outermost shell) |
| Excited State | Energy level that attains an electron; absorbs additional energy and jumps from its current shell to one level higher. |
| Family | Columns of the Periodic Table (up-down) |
| Ground State | Electrons in the first shell; closest to the nucleus. Lowest energy level of an atom. |
| Group | Also known as a family.. Columns |
| Ionic Bonding | Chemical bond resulting from the TRANSFER of electrons from one bonding atom to another. |
| Ionization Energy | The energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom. Increases Left to right, decreases top to bottom. |
| Isoelectronic | Means "equal Electric" elements or ions that have the same number of electrons. (They're equal) |
| Isotope | An atom that has the same number of protons but a different amount of neutrons. (all different versions of the same element) |
| Lewis Structure | A structual formula that uses dots to indicate bonds |
| Metal | Element that typically has a high melting point (found on left side of periodic table) |
| Metalloid | Elements whose properties are intermediate between metals and non metals |
| Non-Metal | Element that has a low melting point and tends to GAIN electrons in a chemical reaction. (Found on the right side of the periodic table) |
| Non Polar | Description of a bond that has a even distribution of charge due to an equal sharing of bonding electrons. |
| Octet Rule | Rule that states that atoms tend to gain, loose or share electrons so that each atom has a full outer most shell which is typically 8 electrons. |
| Polar Covalent Bonding | A bond between two NON METALS with different electronegativities. The higher the difference the more polar the bond is. |
| Polarity | Two opposing tendencies: (One negative, one positive) |
| Resonance Structure | Cannot be fully demonstrated by just one Lewis Structure. |
| Valence Electrons | The last shell in an atom which contains electrons. |
| Dipoles | Molecule in which the centres of positive and negative charge are not the same. |
| Wavelength | Distance between two successive similar points on a wave. |
| Frequency | Is the number of waves that pass a certain point in a given amount of time. |
| AMU | Atomic Mass Unit - A weighted average |
| Alpha Particles | .... |
| Cations | A positive ion. |
| Anions | A negative ion. |
| Intramolecular forces | Covalent bonds, metallic bonds, ionic bonds. |
| Intermolecular forces | hydrogen bonds, van der Walls forces |
| Van der Waal forces | Is the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules. |
Created by:
IvyHanson
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