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Chemistry EC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemisrty | the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo. |
| Scientific Method | systematic process for studying nature that involves observations, hypotheses, and experiments |
| Measurments | a quantitative observation |
| Natural Law | statement that summarizes generally observed behavior |
| Matter | the "stuff" of which the universe is compoosed |
| Atom | fundamental unit of which elements are made |
| Compounds | substances made by bonding atoms together in specific ways |
| Molecule | a collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit |
| Elements | substances containing only one type of atom |
| Solid | substance with fixed shape and volume |
| Liquid | substance with definite volume that takes the shape of its container |
| Gas | substance with no definite shape or volume |
| Physical Property | characteristic of a substance that can change without the substance's becoming different substance |
| Chemical Property | characteristics that describes the ability of a substance to change to a different substance |
| Physical Change | change that does not affect the composition of a substance |
| Chemical Change | change in which a substance becomes a different substance |
| Mixture | a substance with variable compositions |
| Alloy | a mixture of elements that has metallic properties |
| Pure Substance | either a pure element or a compound |
| Homogeneous Mixture | a mixture that is the same throughout |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | a mixture containing regions with differing properties |
| Distillation | a separation process that depends on the different boiling points of the subatance |
| Filtration | separation of a solid from a liquid by using filter paper |
| Element Sybmols | code for a chemical element |
| Law of Constant Composition | a given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass |
| Chemical Formula | a set of chemical symbols showing the elements present in a compound and their relative proportions, and in some cases the structure of the compound |
| Electron | a negatively charges subatomic particle |
| Nuclear atom | a modern concept of the atom as having a dense center of positive charge surrounded by moving electrons |
| Nucleus | the relatively small, dense center of positive charge in an atom |
| Protron | a positively charged subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle with no charge located in the atomic nucleus |
| Isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of a given atom |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom |
| Periodic Table | a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure appear in vertical columns. |
| Groups | a vertical column of elements on the periodic table |
| Diatomic Molecule | a molecule composed of two atoms |
| Ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
| Cation | a positively charged ion |
| Anion | a negatively charges ion |
| Ionic Compound | a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions |
| Binary Ionic Compound | a two- element compound consisting of a cation and an anion |
| Polyatomic Ions | an ion consisting of two or more atoms bound together |
| Oxyanion | a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element |
| Acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solutions |
| Unit | the part of the measurement telling us the scale being used |
| Volume | the amount of three- dimensional space occupied by a substance |
| Mass | the quantity of matter in an object |
| Significant Figures | the certain digits and the first uncertain digit of a measurment |
| Conversion Factor | a ratio used to convert from one unit to another |
| Dimensional Analysis | the process of using conversion factors to change from one unit to another |
| Density | the mass of a substance per a given volume of that substance |
| Specific Gravily | the ratio of the density of given liquid to the density of water at 4 degrees Celsius |
| Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) | a small unit of mass equal to 1.66 X 10-24 grams |
| Average Atomic Mass | the weighed average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element |
| Mole | the number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12C: Avogadro's number. |
| Molar Mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of the substance |
| Mass Percent | Percent= Part/Whole X 100% |
| Empirical Formula | the formula of a compound expressing the smallest whole- number ratio of atoms in the compound |
| Molecular Formula | the actual formula of a compound giving the types of atoms and the numbers of each type of atom |
| Chemical Reaction | one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances by reorganization of component atoms |
| Chemical Equation | a representation of a chemical reaction using the formulas of the starting substances that react and the new substances that are formed |
| Reactant | the starting substance of a chemical reaction, shown to the left of the reaction arrow |
| Product | the new substance formed by the chemical reactions, shown on the right of the reaction arrow |
| Coefficient | the number written in front of the chemical formulas in balanced chemical reactions |
| Precipitation | the formation of a solid in a chemical reaction |
| Precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
| Precipitation Reaction | a reaction in which a solid forms and seperates from the solution |
| Strong Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water by dissociating completely into ions |
| Soluble Solid | a solid that readily dissolves in water |
| Insoluble Solid | a solid that dissolves to such a small degree that it is not detectable to the naked eye |
| Strong Acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions in solution |
| Strong Base | a base that completely dissociates tp produce OH- ions in solution |
| Salt | an ionic compound |
| Oxidation- Reduction Reaction | a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons |
| Combustion Reaction | a chemical reaction involving oxygen as one of the reactants that produces enough heat so that a flame results |
| Synthesis Reaction | a chemical reaction in which a compound is formed from simpler materials |
| Decomposition | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds, or to the component elemenets |
| Molecular Equation | a chemical equation showing the complete forms of all reactants and products |
| Complete Ionic Equation | a chemical equation for the reaction in solution representing all strong electrolytes as ions |
| Spectator Ion | an ion present in solution that does not participate in a reaction |
| Net Ionic Equation | a chemical equation for the reaction in solution showing only those components that are directly involved in the reaction |
Created by:
makstac
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