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Chapter 3
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sugar of these molecules is ribose. | ribonucleic acid |
| The most abundant protein in vertebrates. | collagen |
| Protein that acts as a catalyst. | enzyme |
| Special proteins that help other proteins fold correctly. | chaperone |
| A chain of 5 carbon sugars linked together by phosphodiester bonds with an organic base protruding from each sugar. | nucleic |
| Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. | carbohydrates |
| Macromolecules that have seven "jobs" within the cell. | proteins |
| Process in which a protein changes shape or unfolds. | denaturation |
| Synthesis reaction that forms polymers by removing water. | dehydration |
| Pairs with Thymine when found in DNA. | adenine |
| Pairs with Cytosine when found in DNA. | guanine |
| Chemical reaction that breaks up polymers by adding water molecules. | hydrolysis |
| One kind of lipid with three fatty acids attached. | fat |
| Fatty acid having more than one double bond. | polyunsaturated |
| The shape of DNA. | double helix |
| Number of different amino acids that forms proteins in all living things. | twenty |
| Covalent bond linking two amino acids. | peptide |
| Complex lipid used in biological membrane. | phospholipids |
| C6H12O6 is most commonly found in this form. | glucose |
| A nitrogen base belonging to RNA only. | uracil |
| Group of biomolecules that is insoluble in water. | lipid |
| A small chemical subunit, such as a nucleotide or amino acid. | monomer |
| A polymer of amino acids. | protein |
| Alternative forms of molecules with the same empirical formula. | isomers |
| Nucleic acids are polymers of this repeating subunit. | nucleotide |
| The sugars found in nucleic acids can be described in this way since they have five carbon atoms. | pentose |
| Proteins like hemoglobin are used for this. | transport |
| A molecule on which an enzyme acts. | substrate |
| Number of levels in protein structure. | four |
| Material that forms the exoskeleton of insect and crustaceans. | chitin |
| Structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. | cellulose |
| Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are all these small, singe-ring molecules. | pyrimidine |
| RNA has this many strands. | one |
| Many amino acids linked by peptide bonds. | polypeptide |
| Plant fats are usually produced in this form. | unsaturated |
| Biological molecules that is large and complex. | macromolecules |
| Long chains of hydrocarbons attached to a glycerol molecule. | fatty acids |
| This is made of many monosaccharides. | polysaccharide |
| A molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits. | polymer |
| The nonpolar tails or phospholipids are said to be this. | hydropholic |
| Animal fats are usually produced in this form. | saturated |
| Plant polysaccharide formed from glucose. | starch |
| The animal version of starch. | glycogen |
| This is added to convert oil into a solid fat. | hydrogen |
| The nitrogen bases in DNA that pair with each other are said to be this. | complementary |
| A simple sugar. | monosaccharide |
| Biological molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen. | hydrocarbons |
| The third level of protein structure. | tertiary |
| Molecule containing an amino group, a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom. | amino acid |
| The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is one molecule of this. | oxygen |
| Biological molecules are said to be this, since they are found in organisms. | orgainic |
| Adenine and guanine are in this category because they both have a double-ring structure. | purine |
Created by:
stlouiscards8
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