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Chemistry Vocab 2
Vocab for the Periodic Table and Elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| malleable | able to be flattened (gold (Au) is the most) |
| ionization energy | the amount of energy needed to remove an electron |
| cation | an ion with a positive charge |
| anion | an ion with a negative charge |
| ion | a charged particle |
| alkaline/alkali metal | a highly reactive metal; is never found naturally in its elemental state; its reactivity increases with the number of protons; has low electronegativity; is found in group 1 of the Periodic Table; has one valence electron; has lowest ionization energy |
| alkaline/alkali earth metal | has less extreme properties than in group 1; is found in group 2 of the Periodic Table; has two valence electrons |
| family/group | each vertical column of the Periodic Table |
| Coulomb's law | states that opposite charges attract and like charges repel; force depends on number of charge and distance in charges |
| periodic law | states that chemical and physical properties of elements follow a repeated pattern |
| diatomic element | an element that appears naturally as two atoms joined; is too unstable to remain single (hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine; remember scientist "Dr. HOFBrINCl") |
| halogen | a highly reactive nonmetal; is found in group 17 of the Periodic Table; has seven valence electrons; is toxic; forms salt when combined with group 1; is also diatomic; has very high electronegativity and ionization energy |
| period | each horizontal row of the Periodic Table |
| ductile | able to form wire |
| electronegativity | tendency of an atom to take another atom's electrons |
| metalloid/semimetal | an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals; is an electrical semiconductor; may be a nonmetal that can combine with a metal to form an alloy (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium) |
| metal | has a low ionization energy; is ductile; is malleable; tends to have electrical and thermal conductivity; has luster; tends to form cations |
| nonmetal | tends to be a gas, liquid, or network solid (forms repeating patterns of atoms); tends to gain electrons and form anions; if solid, tends to be brittle; is a poor conductor; lacks luster |
| transition metal/transition element | can be found in groups 3 to 12 in the Periodic Table; can form more than one type of cation; forms a colored solution (copper, cobalt, niobium, manganese, iron, nickel) |
| noble/inert/monatomic gas | an element occurring as a single atom; is completely nonreactive; its density increases with period on the Periodic Table |
| ionic radius | the radius of an atom's ion |
| atomic radius | a measure of the size of a chemical element's atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons |
Created by:
KKelley
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