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DNA and ribosomes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| DNA stores genetic _______ | information |
| DNA information is copied and ____ from generation to generation | stored |
| Each chromosome contains ___ molecule of DNA | |
| Genes are found at specific locations in __ | DNA |
| The information on the genes is information to make | proteins |
| _____ and ____ discovered DNA's Structure | Watson, Crick |
| ______ and _____ provided data for discovery | Franklin, Wilkins |
| Each DNA molecule forms a _____ ____ | double helix (like a twisted ladder) |
| Sides of double helix are made of _____ and _______ (backbone) | sugars and phosphates |
| Rungs of Double Helix are made up of base pairs, adenine with _______ and ______ with cytosine | thymine, guanine |
| Nucleotides are the building blocks of ____ | DNA |
| Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar (_______), a _______ ______, and a ______ | deoxyribose, phosphate group, base |
| 4 Bases: _______, ______<, ______< _______ | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
| Bases are held together by ______ bonds | hydrogen |
| A+T, G+__ | C |
| Sequence of bases that are the _____ | genes |
| Individuals have very slight differences in ______ | sequence |
| Different species have greater ______ | differences |
| In DNA replication, H Bonds are ____, strands ______< Each strand is a ______ of the other, New bases observe base pairing rules, ______ completed | broken, separate, template, backbone |
| Human Genome-__ billion base pairs-sum of all human genes together _____ base pairs per second | 3, 1000 |
| DNA replication-many _____ and _____ are involved, initiate ______< unwind ____, stabilize open _____, connect bases to form backbone, (DNA _______) Enzymes need to correct mistakes | enzymes and proteins, replication, DNA, strands, polymerases |
| CTAGGCTAT complementary strand = | CACCGATA |
| Mutations are changes in the DNA ______ | sequence |
| Mutations: Incorrect base pairings that are not ____ | fixed |
| Changes in DNA sequences can be caused by _____ | mutagens |
| If permanent change, Next DNA replication includes _____ | changes |
| Mutations source of all new ____ | alleles |
| Mutations: Some are harmful, most are silent, some are _____ | beneficial |
| DNA repair-DNA polymerases recognize damaged ___ | DNA |
| DNA repair-Enzymes cut the _____ on either side, damaged DNA is removed, DNA is ______ | backbone, corrected |
| Proofreading Enzymes are for _____ | correction |
| Cells that become gametes-can pass on _____ | mutations |
| Inherited Repair Disorder-_______ Pigmentosum | Xeroderma- no repair |
| Protein Synthesis-DNA-RNA-_____ | protein |
| DNA (the genes) hold the information for making _______ | proteins |
| The transfer of DNA information and synthesis of proteins require a second type of nucleic acid _____ | RNA |
| Protein Synthesis-Transcription and ______ | Translation |
| Transcription (making RNA, occurs in the | nucleus |
| Translation (makes proteins, occurs in the ribosomes in the _______ | cytosol |
| RNA vs DNA-DNA is double strand, RNA is _____ strand | single |
| RNA has _____ in place of ______ | Uracil, Thymine |
| RNA has sugar ribose instead of _________ | deoxyribose |
| Three types of RNA- _______ RNA (mRNA), ______ RNA (tRNA) and _______ RNA (rRNA) | Messenger, Transfer, Ribsomal |
| Messenger RNA carries information from DNA to | ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA brings the correct _____ _____ to the ribosome during translation (building of protein) | amino acid |
| Ribosomal DNA is the structural component of ribosomes which is where ______ ______ takes place | protein synthesis |
| Transcription: DNA information is copied into ____ | RNA |
| Transcription: Similar Process to ______ | replication |
| Transcription occurs in the ______ | nucleus |
| After transcription the mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to ribosomes in _____ | cytosol |
| Genetic Code: 3 Bases= 1 _____ | Codon |
| Genetic Code: 1 codon=1 ____ _____ | amino acid |
| Protein Synthesis Translation: the mRNA attaches to the ______and as the ribosomes "reads" the message, tRNA molecules bring in the correct ______ ______ | amino acids |
| Protein Synthesis- ______ bonds form between amino acids and protein synthesis stops when the ribosome reaches a ____ codon | Peptide, stop |
| Genes are inherited as _____, DNA is transcribed into ____< RNA is _____ into protein, proteins give organism traits =phenotype | DNA< RNA < translated |
| Mutations: _____ changes one amino acid. Insertion or ______, frame shift | Substitution, Deletion |
| Sickle Cell Anemia-Involves gene for _____, one base pair _____, one ______ ______ change, sickle cell ________ | hemoglobin, change, amino acid, phenotype |
| Missense mutation-swaps one _____ _____ for another, ______ mutations result in no change, _____ mutation change amino acid codon to _____ codon | amino acid, silent, nonsense |
Created by:
sarchelj