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Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics is study of | inheritance |
| Chromosomes and Genes come in | pairs |
| Alleles-The alternate forms of a | gene |
| A Trait is a feature of an | organism |
| Dominant Allele-Expressed when paired with | a different allele and represented by an Upper Case Letter |
| Gene-Unit of DNA that codes for ___ | traits |
| Allele- | Alternate form of a gene |
| Recessive Allele- | Not expressed when paired with a dominant allele represented by a lowercase letter |
| Homozygous-Same two _____ for a gene (AA or aa) | alleles |
| Heterozygous- Two different _____ for a gene (Aa) | alleles |
| Genotype-the genetic _____ of an an individual-actual genes present, represent using letters | make up |
| Phenotype-the observable _______, physical traits, (tall, short, etc.) | characteristics |
| loci= | multiple locations |
| locus= | singular location |
| Different alleles of a gene originally rose from a _____ | mutation |
| Mutation-change in DNA that makes up a ____ | gene |
| Mutations can _____, _____, or _____, must be in _____ to be inherited by off spring | harmful, beneficial, neutral, gametes |
| When two individuals are mated P generation is _____ generation, F1 is _____ generation, and F2 is second generation | Parent, First, Second |
| Mono hybrid Cross is a cross between parents that differ in only __ characteristic | one |
| Gregor Mendel is often referred to as _____ of genetics, published findings in ____, deduced the fundamental principles of genetics | father, 1866 |
| M. developed ___ hypotheses from the mono hybrid cross: There are alternative forms of genes, called _____. For each characteristic an organism inherits two alleles, one for each ____ Alleles can be ______ or recessive. Gametes carry only ___ allel | 4, alleles, dominant |
| Mendel used pea plants in his _____ experiments | genetic |
| 3:_ Ratio, heterozygous cross, 1 trait, dominant and _____ alleles | 1, recessive |
| Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation: The 2 members of an allele pair (_______) from each other during the production of gametes | segregate |
| During the formation of gametes the pairs of chromosomes ______ so the alleles separate | separate |
| Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent _____: Each pair of alleles segregate independently of the other pairs during _____ formation | Assortment, gamete |
| Test crosses provide a method to determine genotype in individuals which exhibit _____ traits | dominant |
| Family ______ are used for humans | Pedigrees |
| Family pedigrees can be used to determine how certain traits are ______, what the possible ______ are for individuals, and what the probability of ______ of a trait would be | inherited, genotypes, inheritance |
| There are a variety of human disorders that are controlled by a single _____. | gene |
| Many human disorders are controlled by genes on ______ | autosomes |
| Most human disorders are ______ | recessive |
| An individual can be a carrier of the gene but not have the ______ | disorder |
| Some human disorders are _____ genes | lethal |
| Huntington's Disease is a ____ gene, dominant ALLELE | lethal |
| Achondroplasia causes | dwarfism |
| Albinism is a disorder controlled by a single _____ gene | autosomal |
| Achondroplasia is a _____ disorder | dominant |
| Today many tests can detect the presence of disease causing _____ | alleles |
| Most genetic testing is performed during _____ | pregnancy |
| ______ collects cells from amniotic fluid | Amniocentesis |
| Chorionic Villus sampling removes cells from _____ tissue | placental |
| Genetic Counseling helps patients understand the results and ______ of genetic testing | implications |
| There are many different ways that traits are _____ or expressed | inherited |
| Incomplete dominance: In incomplete dominance, F1 hybrids have a phenotype that is _____ to the parent phenotypes | intermediate |
| Hypercholesterolemia is a human trait that is incompletely ______ 1 in every ____ people | dominant, 500 |
| Multiple Alleles-More than _ alleles for a gene | 2 |
| Codominance-Both alleles in a pair are expressed in the ______ | phenotype |
| little i= | Type O |
| Type O blood-Antibodies present in blood | ANTI A and ANTI B |
| Type A Blood Antibody is | Anti-B |
| Type B Blood-Antibody is | ANTI A |
| AB blood type no | antibodies |
| Pleiotropy - one gene affects more than one _______ (ex. sickle cell disease) | characteristic |
| Mar fan's syndrome-defect in ______, protein in blood vessels, allows blood vessels to be ______ | fibrinogen, flexible |
| Polygenic inheritance-many traits result from the actions of several _____ | genes |
| Polygenic inheritance is the additive effects of two or more genes on a single ______ | phenotype |
| Phenotype frequencies of _____ inheritance that are graphed usually show a continuum that forms a ____ _____ | polygenic, bell curve |
| Environment can cause certain ____ to be expressed in different ways | genes |
| PH level can effect | gene expression |
| Temperature can change how Siamese genes are, lighter are ____, darker are ______ | expressed, warmer, cooler |
| THE ____gene (at 6 wk of development) is the gene that causes female to become male | SRY |
| Fruit Flies_ Normal eye color is red but occasionally a white eyed fly will appear in a generation. They are almost always ___ | male |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan first figured out ___ linked traits | sex |
| In humans, red green colorblindness is more common in ____ than _____. It is a ___-___ disorder in humans. | Males, females, sex-linked |
| Hemophilia is ___-linked | sex |
| Hemophilia is ______ | recessive |
Created by:
sarchelj