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Chem 06 Periodicity
Terms associated with the periodic table and its trends.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, physical/chemical properties repeat at regular intervals | periodic law |
vertical column on periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties (and # of valence electrons) | group/family |
horizontal row on periodic table containing all elements with the same # of occupied energy levels | period/series |
# of groups on the period table | 18 |
# of periods on the periodic table | 7 |
name of group 1 elements | alkali metals |
name of group 2 elements | alkaline earth metals |
collective name of elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table | transition metals |
how groups 13-16 on the periodic table are usually named | by the top element (ex: 15 = nitrogen family) |
name of group 17 elements | halogens |
meaning of word 'halogen' | salt former |
name of group 18 elements | noble gases |
person who made the first periodic table | Mendeleev |
abbreviation for name of element | symbol |
whole # in each periodic table block | atomic number |
decimal (usually) number in each periodic table block | atomic mass |
largest classification of elements (~75%) found on 'left' side of the periodic table | metals |
classification of elements on right side of the periodic table | nonmetals |
elements that are almost all solids that have luster (are shiny), are malleable and ductile, and are good conductors | metals |
elements that are either gases or brittle solids that may be dull and poor conductors | nonmetals |
smallest classification of elements located along the zig-zag line on the periodic table | metalloids |
classification of an element that might be a brittle solid that is a good conductor | metalloid |
element along the zig-zig line on the periodic table that is not a metalloid | aluminum (Al) |
element on left side of the periodic table that is not a metal | hydrogen (H) |
only element in 'tall' (group A) families whose group # does NOT tell its # of valence electrons | helium (He) |
half the distance between adjacent nuclei in a solid (or between the nuclei of bonded atoms) | atomic radius |
unit for measuring atomic radius | picometer (pm) |
trend for atomic radius down a group | increases |
trend for atomic radius across a period | decreases |
energy required to remove the loosest electron from an atom | ionization energy |
unit for measuring ionization energy | kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) |
trend for ionization energy down a group | decreases |
trend for ionization energy across a period | increases |
measure of the attraction of an atom for addition electrons | electron affinity |
unit for measuring electron affinity | kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) |
trend for electron affinity down a group | decreases |
trend for electron affinity across a period | increases (but drops for noble gases) |
(unitless) relative measure of atom's attraction for shared electrons in a bond | electronegativity |
range of values for the electronegativity scale | 0.0 - 4.0 |
element with highest electronegativity | fluorine (F) |
element with lowest electronegativity value | cesium (Cs) or francium (Fr) |
normal overall charge of an atom | neutral |
name for an atom that has an overall charge due to gaining or losing electrons | ion |
name for a positively charged ion (atom that lost electrons) | cation ("ca+ion") |
name for a negatively charged ion (atom that gained electrons) | anion ("a.n.ion") |
elements that gain electrons and form - ions that are LARGER than the original atom | nonmetals (right side of PT) |
classification of elements that tend to lose electrons | metals |
classification of elements that tend to gain electrons | nonmetals (except H & noble gases) |
how does the ionic radius of elements that gain electrons and form anions compare to the original atomic radius? | ionic radius is larger |
how does the ionic radius of elements that lose electrons (left side of PT) and form cations compared to the original atomic radius? | ionic radius is smaller |
how do you identify the room temperature state of an element on our classroom periodic table | symbol color (black=solid, red=gas, blue=liquid) |