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Chem 06 Periodicity
Terms associated with the periodic table and its trends.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, physical/chemical properties repeat at regular intervals | periodic law |
| vertical column on periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties (and # of valence electrons) | group/family |
| horizontal row on periodic table containing all elements with the same # of occupied energy levels | period/series |
| # of groups on the period table | 18 |
| # of periods on the periodic table | 7 |
| name of group 1 elements | alkali metals |
| name of group 2 elements | alkaline earth metals |
| collective name of elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table | transition metals |
| how groups 13-16 on the periodic table are usually named | by the top element (ex: 15 = nitrogen family) |
| name of group 17 elements | halogens |
| meaning of word 'halogen' | salt former |
| name of group 18 elements | noble gases |
| person who made the first periodic table | Mendeleev |
| abbreviation for name of element | symbol |
| whole # in each periodic table block | atomic number |
| decimal (usually) number in each periodic table block | atomic mass |
| largest classification of elements (~75%) found on 'left' side of the periodic table | metals |
| classification of elements on right side of the periodic table | nonmetals |
| elements that are almost all solids that have luster (are shiny), are malleable and ductile, and are good conductors | metals |
| elements that are either gases or brittle solids that may be dull and poor conductors | nonmetals |
| smallest classification of elements located along the zig-zag line on the periodic table | metalloids |
| classification of an element that might be a brittle solid that is a good conductor | metalloid |
| element along the zig-zig line on the periodic table that is not a metalloid | aluminum (Al) |
| element on left side of the periodic table that is not a metal | hydrogen (H) |
| only element in 'tall' (group A) families whose group # does NOT tell its # of valence electrons | helium (He) |
| half the distance between adjacent nuclei in a solid (or between the nuclei of bonded atoms) | atomic radius |
| unit for measuring atomic radius | picometer (pm) |
| trend for atomic radius down a group | increases |
| trend for atomic radius across a period | decreases |
| energy required to remove the loosest electron from an atom | ionization energy |
| unit for measuring ionization energy | kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) |
| trend for ionization energy down a group | decreases |
| trend for ionization energy across a period | increases |
| measure of the attraction of an atom for addition electrons | electron affinity |
| unit for measuring electron affinity | kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) |
| trend for electron affinity down a group | decreases |
| trend for electron affinity across a period | increases (but drops for noble gases) |
| (unitless) relative measure of atom's attraction for shared electrons in a bond | electronegativity |
| range of values for the electronegativity scale | 0.0 - 4.0 |
| element with highest electronegativity | fluorine (F) |
| element with lowest electronegativity value | cesium (Cs) or francium (Fr) |
| normal overall charge of an atom | neutral |
| name for an atom that has an overall charge due to gaining or losing electrons | ion |
| name for a positively charged ion (atom that lost electrons) | cation ("ca+ion") |
| name for a negatively charged ion (atom that gained electrons) | anion ("a.n.ion") |
| elements that gain electrons and form - ions that are LARGER than the original atom | nonmetals (right side of PT) |
| classification of elements that tend to lose electrons | metals |
| classification of elements that tend to gain electrons | nonmetals (except H & noble gases) |
| how does the ionic radius of elements that gain electrons and form anions compare to the original atomic radius? | ionic radius is larger |
| how does the ionic radius of elements that lose electrons (left side of PT) and form cations compared to the original atomic radius? | ionic radius is smaller |
| how do you identify the room temperature state of an element on our classroom periodic table | symbol color (black=solid, red=gas, blue=liquid) |
Created by:
goakley