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Anatomy Chapter 2

Question	Answer
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino aicds?	Primary
An ionic bond is formed by:	A positive and a negative ion attracting each other
A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge.	12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons
A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of four	false
Acids release protons in a solution	true
The simple sugars that are the building blocks for other carbohydrates are:	monosaccharides
The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells is	metabolism
If your physician encourages you to take a daily aspirin, it is likely because aspirin can increase prostaglandin synthesis and play a:	therapeutic role in preventing abnormal blood clots
Humans can synthesize 12 of 20 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called:	essential amino acids
Which level of protein structure is on that contains several polypeptide chains?	Quaternary
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?	Helium
Proteins are composed of __ commonly occurring amino acids	20
All inorganic substances are free from carbon.	false
Atomic weight is determined by the number of	protons and neutrons
A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:	phospholips and steroids
The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is:	synthesis reaction
Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids?	They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?	Iron
The type of reaction most likely to release energy is a(n):	decomposition reaction
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:	bases
An isotope of an element contains a different number of ____ than other elements.	Neutrons
Which of the following is not true about oxygen and carbon dioxide?	They are both important organic compounds.
Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?	salts
The type of lipoprotein associated with cholesterol and the production changes in blood vessels is:	LDL
Amino acids frequently become joined by:	peptide bonds
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?	Creatine phosphate
As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) increases, the:	both solutions become more basic and pH rises
The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of:	one proton and two neutrons
A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons	false
Lipid found in sex hormones that is made up of four rings	steroid
molecule that is the body's usual source of direct energy	ATP
nucleic acid that contains ribose sugar and uracil	RNA
substance composed of a gylcerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules	fat
starch or sugar	carbohydrate
releases a hydroxide ion into solution, which raises the pH	base
types of lipids that are called tissue hormones	prostaglandins
releases a hydrogen ion into a solution, which lowers the pH	acid
substance that is made up of a long chain of amino acids	protein
nucleic acid that contains thymine and deoxyribose sugar	DNA
Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:	Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form complex substances is called a(n):	synthesis
AB + CD <--> AD + DB is an example of a(n):	exchange reaction
Which lipid acts as a tissue hormone?	Prostaglandin
oxygen has 8 electrons, but only 6 of them are in its outermost energy level.	true
A solution with a pH of 4 has:	100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6
When sodium (Na) gives up an electron to chlorine, the result is the formation of a sodium ion (Na+) with a positive charge. This happened because there is then:	one more proton (+) than electron (-)
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a:	synthesis reaction
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percent of the human body?	96%
The enzyme lactase catalyse the chemical reaction that changes lactosse to:	glucose and glactose
Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds	true
the bonds that exist between phosphate groups of the ATP molecule are:	both high-energy and covalent bonds
the pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.	true
The kind of element is determined by the number of:	protons
Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics	both have a ring structure in their molecule
the queternary structure of a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain	true
When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits, what is occurring?	anabolic reactions that require energy
the type of lipid found in sex hormones is	steroids
a strong acid:	would cause a drop in the pH of a solution
Which of the following is not a function of protein?	provides energy for the body, acts as a catalyst, and provides structure for the body.
DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.	true
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:	2
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?	Secondary
Hydrolysis:	breaks down compounds by removing a water molecule
If the pH of a person's blood was 7.4, it would be described as:	slightly alkaline
Acids:	are proton donors, taste sour, and release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains:	8 electrons
Electrolytes are:	called cations if they have a positive charge
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?	decomposition
Vitamin D functions to:	increase calcium uptake
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):	electron
The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called:	organic molecules
which of the following represents properties of water?	strong polarity, cohesion, high heat of vaporization
The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom	false
An example of an element would be:	Ne
Approximately what percentage of body weight is water?	70%
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:	dehydration synthesis
The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of:	protons in its nucleus
Which of the following is not a subatomic particle?	radon
Subatomic particle with no charge	neutron
subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found in a "cloud" surrounding the nucleus of the atom	electron
reaction of an atom that results in 8 electrons in the outer energy level	Octet rule
bond that is formed by the transfer of an electron from one atom to another	ionic bonds
atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons	isotopes
value determined by adding the number of protons but a different number of neutrons	atomic weight
number of protons an atom has	atomic number
subatomic particle with a positive charge	proton
bond that requires a polar molecule	hydrogen bonds
bond formed between atoms when they share electrons	covalent bonds
The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains:	8 protons
hydrogen bonds are important in the attractive forces between:	nucleic acids, water molecules, large protein molecules
The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is/are:	water
which of the following is not true of all isotopes of oxygen?	they have the same atomic mass
The twisted, double strand arrangement of nucleotides in a DNA molecule is a(n):	double helix
Salts:	can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases, are electrolytes, and will form crystals if the water is removed
The basic buliding blocks of fats are:	fatty acids and glycerol
All of the following substances are organic except:	electrolytes
Which of the following is not true of RNA?	it is composed of smaller molecule called nucleotides, it contains adenine, and it contains ribose sugar
The atomic number of carbon is 6 how many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?	4
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n):	alkaline (basic) solution
which subatomic particles carry a charge?	protons and electrons

Created by: amh159

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