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Tympanic Cavity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle is ear is also referred to as | tympanic cavity |
| Walls of Tympanic Cavity: (6) | (Superior) Temporal, (Inferior) Jugular, (Posterior) Mastoid, (Anterior) Carotid (Lateral) Membranous (Medial) Labrynthian |
| Lateral Wall of Tympanic Cavity mainly formed by | ear drum |
| Lateral Wall of Tympanic Cavity _____ to ear drum and formed by ____ portion of temporal bon | superior, squamous |
| Medial Wall of Tympanic Cavity: has __ elements | 6 |
| Medial Wall: Oval Window: _____ shaped opening into the vestibule of the inner ear | Kidney |
| Medial Wall: I. Oval Window: Occupied by the footplate of the stapes, fixed by the _____ ligament | annular |
| Medial wall has | Superior-posterior aspect of wall |
| Round Window: a _____ opening into the basal (lowermost or first) turn of the scala tympani of the cochlea | circular |
| Round Window: Located beneath the oval window in a cone-shaped _______ partially hidden from view by the promontory | depression |
| Round Window: ii. Closed by a thin ______, termed the secondary tympanic membrane | membrane |
| Prominence of the lateral semicircular canal: Superior to | Oval Window |
| Promonatory: | a rounded prominence projecting into the ME cavity. Formed by the lateral projection of the basal turn of the cochlea |
| Portion of the Canal for Tensor Tympani | anteriorly |
| Prominence of the facial nerve: Superior to | oval window |
| Anterior Wall is also referred to as ____ wall | carotid |
| Anterior Wall has orifice of the ______ or auditory tube (________) and Exit for tendon of ____. These two canals are roughly _____ and are separated by a very thin plate of _____ | Eustachian, Pharyngotympanic, TTM, parallel, bone |
| Eustachian Tube brings _____ to the middle ear space | aeration |
| Eustachian Tube Orifice maintains _______ of ______ between middle ear and atmosphere | equilibrium, pressure |
| Eustachian Tube orifice is __ mm in length coursing _____ and medially towards _______ | 36, anteriorly, nasopharynx |
| Eustachian Tube orifice has ______, _____, and ______ portion | osseous, cartilaginous, membranous |
| The _____ is the junction of the osseous and cartilaginous portions of the Orifice (Eustachian Tube) | Isthmus |
| Bony portion of orifice about __ mm, cartilaginous portion __ that | 12, twice |
| The Eustachian Tube runs from the wall of the ____ ____ cavity to the posterior wall of the ______ | middle ear, nasopharynx |
| Eustachian Tube courses _____, _____, and then ______ direction and has angle of approx. __ degrees in an adult | inferior, medial, anterior, 45 |
| The first third of the Eustachian tube has a ____ foundation while remaining 2/3 has a _______ foundation | bony, cartilaginous |
| Isthmus is _____ part of Eustachian Tube | narrowest |
| The _____ of Eustachian Tube, or the opening (through the bony portion) is typically _____, or open, while at rest the cartilaginous portion of the tube is non _____, or closed, _____ _____ _____, and ______ ____ _____ muscles | lumen, patent, patent, levator villi palatini, and tensor villi |
| Child's Eustachian tube is ____ as long as adult's | half |
| Tympanic Cavity: Posterior Wall: Tympanic Aditus is entrance to Tympanic ____ | Antrum |
| Posterior Wall: _____ _____ is located _____ to the oval window near the prominence of the ____ ____ | Pyramidal Eminence, posteriorly, facial canal |
| Pyramidal Eminence is _____ and contains the -______ muscle | hollow, Stapedius |
| The tendon of the stapedial muscle exits out the small aperture of the _____ ______ | Pyramidal Eminence |
| Fossa _____: Small evacuation in the _____ recess to accommodate the short process of the incus | epitympanic |
| Chorda Tympani: Enters Tympanic Cavity, courses anterior ___ to the neck of the ____ and leaves the cavity just above and in front of the _____ ______ | medial, malleus, tympanic sulcus |
| Tympanic Cavity Floor: Tympanic ___ | Plate |
| Tympanic Cavity Floor is narrow than _____ | roof |
| Tympanic Cavity Floor is formed by the tympanic plate of the _____ bone | temporal |
| Tympanic Cavity Floor: Jugular ______ | Fossa |
| Tympanic Cavity Roof: ______ tympani | Tegmen |
| Tympanic Cavity Roof: continues posteriorly to form the roof of the _____ ______ | tympanic antrum |
| Roof or superior wall, of tympanic cavity is called ______ _____ and separates the tympanic cavity from the _______ and the meningeal coverings of the brain | Tegmen tympani, cranium |
| Function of Middle Ear: Conduction: Conducts sound from _____ ear to _____ ear | outer, inner |
| Impedance Matching: Impedance Matching function of the middle ear: Without Middle Ear, Only about _/____ of the acoustic energy in air would be transmitted to the inner ear fluids (__ db hearing loss) | 1/1000, 30 |
| ____ | transducer, acoustic, mechanic, mechanic |
| Middle Ear is a Protector, protects inner and middle areas from ____ _____ | foreign objects |
| Middle Ear muscles may provide protective from _____ ____ | loud sound |
| Impedence: Opposition to the flow of _____ or the reluctance to accept energy | energy |
| Impedance determined by _____ factor and loss of energy caused by _______ | resistance, friction |
| Reactance Factor: ____ Reactance and _____ Reactance | Mass, Stiffness |
| Reactance Factors: Mass Reactance: Directly proportional relationship with ______ | frequency |
| Mass Reactance: Objects with greater mass tend to be preferential to (or will transmit) ___ frequency sounds and offer greater _____ (or will impede) high frequency sounds (ex violin string) | low, resistance |
| Stiffness Reactance: Inverse Relationship with ______ | frequency |
| Stiffness Reactance: Objects with greater stiffness are preferential (or will transmit) _____ frequency sounds and impede low frequency sounds | high |
| Impedance of Tympanic Cavity: Hard wall cavity contains small amount of ____, so less _____, acts as a passive ____, has increased _____, and impedes low ______ sounds | air, compressible, filter, stiffness, frequency |
| Pinna (small effect) and ear canal (larger effect) provides more emphasis in mid to high _____ range | frequency |
| Signal that reaches _____ is altered | cochlea |
| Human hearing sensitivity across the range of frequencies is not ____ | equal |
| Human hearing is most sensitive in the mid to high ______ range | frequency |
| (Human Speech, communication?) Human Hearing is somewhat poorer in the very ____ frequency range and poorest in the ___ frequency range | high, low |
| Difference in impedance between air and fluid: Without middle ear to transfer the acoustic (air) energy to the inner ear (fluid filled) most of the sound would be _____ away | reflected |
| Less than _% would be transmitted if no mechanism was in place to transfer energy effectively | 1 |
| Approx. __ dB sound loss of air fluid impedance mismatch | 30 |
| The middle ear mechanism was designed to increases the ____ approaching the ____, thereby overcoming the impedance match | pressure, cochlea |
| (31-33) Db Improvement, Impedance Matching Function: Area Advantage ________, curved membrane (______) and lever effect (______) | thumbtack, buckling, crowbar |
| Area Advantage: The area of the tympanic membrane is ___ times the oval window | 17 |
| Area Advantage: As area____, pressure _____ | decreases, increases |
| Area Advantage: Effective Area of TM= ___ mm squared to footplate = __ mm squared | 55, 3,2 |
| Area Advantage: Concept: Pressure = force/___ | area |
| Area Advantage Ration: __:__ | 17:1 |
| 20 * log (17:1) = ___ db SPL, equal to increase of approx. ___ db SPL | 25, 25 |
| Curved Membrane buckling mechanism: Arm of the ____ moves a shorter distance than the surface of the ___ | Malleus, TM |
| Curved Membrane Buckling Mechanism: *__ pressure increase | 2 |
| Curved Membrane Buckling Mechanism: 20 * log (2:1) =__ db SPL | 6 |
| Curved Membrane Buckling Mechanism: Equal to an increase of approx. __-___ db SPL | 4-6 |
| Lever Effect: Lever Action of the _____ chain, around __-___ to 1 | ossicular, 1.2-1.3 |
| Lever Effect: 20 * log (1.3:1) = __ db SPL | 2 |
| Lever Effect equal to an increase of approx. __ db SL | 2 |
| Stapedius Muscles-Tympanic Membrane-Ossicular Chain-Reluctance to conduct ____ Energy | Mechanical |
| Tympanic Musculature: Main Function: _______ control or protection, drawback is latency of muscle ______ | Intensity, contraction |
| Transient sounds (tympanic musculature) may cause damage before muscle can ______ | contract |
| Tympanic Musculature: Mainly reduced amplitude of low ______ sounds | frequency |
| Tympanic Musculature contributes to strength of _____ chain | ossicular |
| The area benefit of the middle ear system refers to the relationship between the area of the ____________________ and the oval window. | tympanic membrane |
Created by:
sarchelj