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Chapter four
Family Relationship
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microsystem | Consists of the people and object in an individual's immediate environment |
| mesosystem | represents the fact that what happens in one microsystem is likely to influence what happens in others. |
| exosystem | refers to social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development |
| marcosystem | the subcultures and cultures in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and, exosystem are embedded |
| chronosystem | the dimension reminds us that microsystem, mesosystem,and exosystem and marcosystem are not static but, are constantly in flux. |
| authoritarian parenting | combines high control with little warmth |
| authoritative parenting | combines a fair degree of parental control with warmth and responsivity to children |
| negative reinforcement | the most surprising discovery is that parents often unwittingly reinforce the very behaviors they want to discourage, |
| Blended Family | Resulting unit, consisting of a biological parent, stepparent, and children. |
| maltreatment | cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal; mistreatment |
| ego-resilence | refers to a person"s ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations. |
| direct instruction | n is a general term for the explicit teaching of a skill-set using lectures or demonstrations of the material, rather than exploratory models |
| observational learning | can also produce counterimitation, learning what should not be done. |
| reinforcement | is any action that increases the likelihood of the response that it follows |
| counterimitation | Learning what should not be done |
| permissive parenting | is characterized by parents who are responsive to their children, but lack rules and discipline |
| joint custody | Both parents retain legal custody of the children |
| authority-oriented grandparents | provide discipline for their grandchildren but otherwise are not particularly active in their grandchildren lives. |
| passive grandparents | are caught up in their grandchildren's development but not with the intensity of influential or supportive grandparents; they do not assume parental roles |
| Permissive parenting | offers warmth and caring but little parent control |
| uninvolved parenting | provides neither warmth nor control |