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CIS 101 Ch 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Information system | Collection of hardware, software, people, data, and procedures that work together to provide information essential to running an organization |
| Software | Computer program consisting of step-by-step instructions, directing the computer on each task it will perform |
| Hardware | Equipment that includes a keyboard, monitor, printer, the computer itself, and other devices that are controlled by software programming |
| Data | Raw, unprocessed facts that are input to a computer system that will give compiled information when the computer processes those facts. Data is also defined as facts or observations about people, places, things, and events. |
| Internet | A huge computer network available to everyone with a personal computer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the web, which is the interface for the Internet. |
| Information technology | (IT) Computer and communication technologies, such as communication links to the Internet, that provide help and understanding to the end user. |
| System software | "Background" software that enables the application software to interact with the computer: Operating system, Utilities, Device drivers, Language translators |
| Operating systems | (OS) Software that interacts between application software and the computer, handling such details as running programs, storing and processing data, and coordinating all computer resources and peripheral devices. |
| Utility | Performs specific tasks related to managing computer resources of files. AKA Service programs. |
| Virus | Hidden instructions that migrate through networks and operating systems and become embedded in different programs. They may be designed to destroy data or simply t display messages. |
| Device drivers | Every device that is connected to the computer has a special program associated with it called a device driver that allows communication between the operating system and the device. |
| Application software | Also referred to as apps. Software that can perform useful work, such as word processing, cost estimating, or accounting tasks. The user primarily interacts with application software. |
| General-purpose applications | Application used for doing common tasks, such as browsers and word processors, spreadsheets, databases, management systems, and presentation graphics. Productivity applications. |
| Specialized applications | Programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. |
| Mobile apps | Add-on features for a variety of mobile devices, including smartphones, netbooks, and tablets. |
| Supercomputers | Fastest calculating device ever invented, processing billions of program instructions per second. Used by very large organizations like NASA. |
| Mainframe computers | This computer can process several million program instructions per second. Sizable organizations rely on these room-size systems to handle large programs and a great deal of data. |
| Midrange computers | Refrigerator-sized machines falling in between personal computers and mainframes in processing speed and data-storing capacity. Medium-sized companies or departments of large companies use midrange computers. |
| Personal computers | Small, low-cost computer designed for individual users. These include desktop computers, laptops, and mobile devices. |
| Mobile devices | The smallest type of system unit, designed to fit into the palm of one's hand. |
| System unit | Part of a personal computer that contains the CPU. Also known as the system cabinet or chassis, it is the container that houses most of the electronic components that make up the computer system. |
| Microprocessor | The central processor unit (CPU) of a personal computer controls and manipulates data to produce information. The microprocessor is contained on a single integrated circuit chip and is the brains of the system. AKA a processor. |
| Memory | Memory is contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information. RAM, ROM, CMOS three types of memory chips. |
| Random-access memory (RAM) | Volatile, temporary storage that holds the program and data the CPU is presently processing. It is called temporary because its contents will be lost if electrical power to the computer is disrupted or the computer is turned off. |
| Input devices | Piece of equipment that translates data into a form a computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. |
| Output devices | Equipment that translates processed information from the central processing unit into a form that can be understood by humans. The most common output devices are monitors and printers. |
| Secondary storage | Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data that can be retained after the computer is turned off. Devices include hard disks, magnetic tape, CDs, DVDs, and more |
| Hard disks | Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic disks. Hard disks use magnetic charges to record data and have large storage capacities and fast retrieval times. |
| Solid-state storage | A secondary storage device that has no moving parts. Data is stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices, much as they would be from conventional computer memory. |
| Optical discs | Storage device that can hold over 17 gigabytes of data, which is the equivalent of several million type-written pages. Lasers are used to record and read data on the disc. CD, DVD, Blu-ray discs (BDs) |
| Cloud computing | Data stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. |
| Communication devices | Computer systems that communicate with other computer systems using modems. It modifies computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines. |
| Modem | Short for modulator-demodulator. It is a communication device that translates the electronic signals from a computer into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines. |
| Document files | |
| Worksheet files | |
| Database files | |
| Presentation files | |
| Connectivity | |
| Wireless revolution | |
| Network |
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MEWMegna