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antomy test 2 review
larynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomical markers of larynx | anterior portion of neck suspended superiorly by hyoid bone by thyrohyoid membrane trachea on top |
| thycoid cartilage | single largest 2 laminae fused to form larngeal prominence diverge superior above it to form v shaped thyroid notch and opens posterior part has superior and inferior horns |
| cricoid cartilage | single ring shaped posterior part called lamina wide part and thin part anterior arch thicker and stronger on inferior part of larynx |
| arytenoid cartilage | paired pyramidal sahped cartilage with vocal and muscular processes has apex and base where vocal folds attach movers and shakers posterior view and on top cricoid |
| corniculate cartilage | paired small nodules in aryepiglottic fold go form arytenoid to epiglottic cartilage on top of arytenoid for stability |
| cuneiform cartilage | paired small nodules in aryepiglottic fold above corniculate cartilage |
| thyrohyoid membrane | above thyroid cartilage extrinsic ligament connects thyroid cartilage with hyoid bone suspends larynx where superior laryngeal artery and internal laryngeal nerve pierce |
| circothyroid ligament | ligament of larynx connects cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage above cricoid cartilage |
| cricotracheal ligament | ligament of larynx connect cricoid cartilage to first tracheal below cricoid |
| vocal ligament | fold true vocal cords elastic liagment extends from junction of laminae of thyroid cartilage to vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilage below vestibular ligament |
| conus elasticus | elastic membrane extends from cricoid cartilage to vocal ligament has median cricothyroid ligament vocal ligament and circothyroid ligament free edge is vocal folds |
| quadrangular membrane | thin submucosal sheet of connective tissue extends from arytenoid cartilage to epiglottic cartilage covered by aryepiglottic fold near inlet support |
| vestibular ligament | fold false vocal cords free edge of quadrangular membrane on top |
| transverse arytenoid | muscle closes laryngeal inlet only unpaired muscle it adducts vocal fold closes inlet |
| oblique arytenoid | x shape closes inlet muslce |
| lateral cricoarytenoid | adducts vocal cords reinforced by transverse |
| posterior cricoarytenoid | abduct vocal cords from lamina to vocal process |
| cricothyroid | tense vocal cords under thyrohyoid innervation exception! external laryngeal nerve |
| thyroarytenoid | relax the vocal cords beside the vocal cords |
| vocalis | medial muscle also relaxes vocal cords |
| blood supply | superior and inferior laryngeal arteries branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries |
| motor | all intrinsic muscles recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid innervated by external laryngeal nerve |
| sensory | mucous membranes superior to vocal folds internal laryngeal nerve and inferior recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| male vs female diff | males 5 cm anterior to vertebral bodies C3-C6 larger thicker stretched bc deeper voice females and children larynx shorter and more superior in neck higher voice males puberty laryngeal cavity enlarges walls thicken vocal folds lengthen girls and boys an |
| emergency cricothyrotomy | air tube insert at cricoid arch median cricothyroid ligament point where skin closest to airway most accessible for it |