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EMT Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accessory muscles | the secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (Sternocleidomastoids). the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles |
| auscultate | to listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope |
| AVPU scale | a method of assessing the level of conciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsiveness; used principally early in the assessment process |
| blood pressure | the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries |
| bradycardia | a slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute |
| breath sounds | an indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope |
| capillary refill | a test that evaluates distal circulatory sysstem function by squeezing blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure |
| capnography | a noninvasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism |
| capnometry | the use of a capnometer, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide |
| carbon dioxide | carbon dioxide is a component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level. It is also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system |
| chief complaint | the reason a patient called for help; also, the patient's response to questions such as what's wrong? or what happened? |
| coagulate | to form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding |
| colorimetric devices | capnometer or end-tidal carbon dioxide detectors are the devices that use a chemical reaction to detect the amount of carbon dioxide present in expired gases by changing colors |
| conjunctiva | the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and converse the exposed surface of the ye |
| crepitus | a grating or grinding sensation caused by fractures bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling |
| cyanosis | a bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood |
| DCAP-BTLS | a mnemonic assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, burns, tenderness, lacerations, and swelling |
| diastolic pressure | the pressure that remains in the arteries during relaxing phase of the heart;s cycle when the left ventricle is at rest |
| end-tidal CO2 | the amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled breath |
| focused assessment | a type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. this type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part |
| frostbite | damage to tissues as a result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten |
| full-body scan | a systemic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment on a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury, is unconcious, or is in critical condition |
| general impression | the overall initial impression that determines priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism or injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint |
| Golden Period | the time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best |
| quarding | involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis |
| history taking | a step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient's chief complaint and an account of the patient's signs and symptoms |
| hypertension | blood pressure that is higher than normal range |
| hypotension | blood pressure that is lower than normal range |
| hypothermia | a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F after exposure to a cold environment |
| incident command system | a system impemented to manage disasters and mass and multiple casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander. Also referred to as the incident management system |
| jaundice | yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction |
| labored breathing | breathing that requires visibility increased effort; characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles |
| mechanism of injury | the way in which traumatic injuries occur; the forces that act on the body cause damage |
| nasal flaring | flaring out of the nostrils, indicationg that there is an airway abstruction |
| nature of illness | the general type of illness a patient is experiencing |
| OPQRST | an abbreviation for key terms used in evaluating a patient's pain: onset, provocation or palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity, and timing of pain |
| orientation | the mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person, name, place, time, current year, month, and approximate date, and event |
| palpate | to examine by touch |
| paradoxical motion | the motion of the chest wall section that is detached in a flail; the motion is exactly the opposite of normal motion during breathing |
| diaphoretic | characterized by profuse sweating |
| perfusion | circulation of blood within an organ or tissue |
| personal protective equipment | clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer |
| pertinent negatives | negative findings that warrant no care or intervention |
| primary assessment | a step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats |
| pulse | the pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries |
| pulse oximetry | an assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds |
| rales | a crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles |
| reassessment | a step within the patient assessment process that is performed at regular intervals during the assessment process. its purpose is to identify and treat changes in a patient's condition. |
| responsiveness | the way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli, tactile stimuli, and painful stimuli |
| retractions | movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration |
| rhonchi | coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways |
| SAMPLE history | a brief history of the patient's condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading up to the injury or illness |
| scene size-up | a step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care |
| sclera | the white portion of the eye, the tough outer coat that gives protection to the delicate, light-sensitive inner layer |
| secondary assessment | a step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. |
| shallow respirations | respirations that are characterized by little movement to the chest wall or poor chest excursion |
| sign | objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured |
| sniffing position | an upright position in which the patient's head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open |
| spontaneous precautions | protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease |
| stridor | a harsh, high-pitched, crowing inspiratory sound, such as the sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction; may sounds like crowing and be audible without a stethoscope |
Created by:
jessicahawbecker