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SOCIOLOGY
chapters 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which discipline defines itself as the "systematic study of human society | sociology |
| peter Berger describes using the the sociological perspective as seeing _____ in the ____ | general; particular |
| three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effects of ______ | age,class,and our place in history because, of these are all ways in which sociology guides college attendance |
| according to Durkheim, categories of people with higher suicide rates typically have______ | lower social intergration |
| the pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was_____ | Emile Durkheim |
| In the US today, the suicide is highest for ____ | white males |
| Because there is no more social isolation in rural areas of the US than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be | higher in rural areas |
| among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was | the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities |
| the term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by ____ | Auguste Compte |
| ____is a way of understanding the world based on science | positivism |
| the theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the.. | structural-functional approach |
| the structural-functional approach is concerned with______ | the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society |
| identify the tree sociologist who played a part in the development of sociology's structural functional approach | Auguste Compte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim |
| who was the US sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns? | Robert Merton |
| The recognized and intended consequences of social pattern are referred to as _____ _______ | manifest functions |
| Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called | latent functions |
| science can be defined as a______ | a. logical system bases knowledge on direct systematic observation |
| imagine that you were going to measure the age number of respondents taking part as a survey. As you record the data you are using a concept of age as_____ | a variable |
| if you were trying to measure the "social class" of various people, you would have to keep in mind that_____ | it is necessary to specify exactly what you are measuring |
| what process involves deciding exactly what is to be measured when assigning value to a variable? | operationalizing |
| what is the term for the value that occurs most often in a series of numbers? | the mode |
| what term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers? | the mean |
| what term refers to the value that occurs midway in a series of numbers (what is the middle)? | the mediean |
| In the process of measurement, reliability refers to_____ | whether repeating the measurement yields consistent results |
| which german word meaning "understanding" was used by Marx Weber to describe his approach to sociological research | Verstehen |
| what term refers to any change in a subject's behavior that is caused by the awareness of being studied? | the Hawthorne effect |
| which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview? | secondary research |
| a small member of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a _____ | sampling frame |
| the United states is the most ____of all countries | multicultrual |
| what is the term for the beliefs,values,behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people? | culture |
| as a part of human culture, religion is an example of _____ | nonmaterial culture |
| cars, computers, and Iphones are all examples of ____ | material culture |
| standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called | values |
| the dominant values of US culture include_____ | a belief in individuality |
| ___are rules about everyday, casual living, _____are rules with great moral signifigance | folkways, mores |
| wrong-doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating | mores |
| the early US sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was _____ | George Herbert Mead |
| _____distinguished between right and wrong, ___distinguished between right and rude. | mores, folkways |
| An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates the to _____ | folkways |
| ethnocentrism refers to _____ | judging another culture using the standards of your own culture |
| A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling the fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying ______ | ethnocentrism |
| the practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called_____ | cultural relativism |
| the flow of ____from country to country adds the creation of global culure | goods |
| which theoretical approach states the stability of US society rests on core values? | the structural-functional approach |
| cultural universals are an element of culture that_____ | are apart of every known culture |
| which theoretical approach is linked to the philosophical doctrine of materialism? | the social-conflict approach |
| a theory that explains how schooling helps prepare young people for the work they will do as adults represents the ____ | symbolic-interaction approach |
| a Marxist analysis of US culture suggests that our competitive and individualistic values reflect____ | the nations capitalists economy |
| the theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the _____ | social -conflict approach |
| people who interact in a defined territory and who share a culture are a part of | society |
| according to Gerhard Lenski which of the following has the greatest power to change a society | technology |
| Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology______ | has both positive and negative effects |
| Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was_____ | giving rise to the concepts of capitalists and porletarians |
| the driving force of social change, according to Marx is______ | social conflict between classes |
| Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is | the economy |
| Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits ____ | capitalists |
| as the suffering of workers became worse,Marx predicted that they would ___ | rise up against the capitalist system |
| as Marx used the concept "alienation" meant_____ | the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness |
| the socialist society Marx hoped to see, which of the following would be true? | class conflict would be no longer exist |
| Karl Marx used philosophical approach called______,While Max Webse followed and approach called_____ | materialism;idealism |
| to compare societies at different times in history, Max Weber made use of _____ | ideal types |
| Weber traced the origins of the capitalist economy in Europe to ______ | the protestant reformation |
| comparing and contrasting the ideas of Karl Marx and Max Weber, which of the following statements is true | both Weber and Marx thought modern society was alienating, although for different reasons |
| Emile Durkheim saw society as a system "beyond us" with the power to guide our lives, therefore, he described elements of society, including cultural norms, values and beliefs as ______ | social facts |
| it would be correct to say that Durkheim's thought of society is ______ | an objective reality |
| the fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols, shows us that_____ | culture changes over time |
| Industrialization changes society because______ | the rate of social changes increases |
Created by:
hwzone