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Chemistry

Definitions

TermDefinition
Dalton's Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms are indivisible. They cannot be broken down into smaller particles.
Cathode Rays Streams of negatively charged particles called electrons. They travel in straight lines from the cathode to the anode, are deflected by electric and magnetic fields, and have sufficient energy to move a small object such as a paddle wheel.
Energy Level Defined as the fixed energy value an electron in an atom may have.
Ground State of an atom One in which the electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels
Excited State of an atom One in which the electrons occupy higher energy levels than those available in the ground state.
Equation for emission line spectrum frequency E2-E1=hf
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle States that it is impossible to measure at the same time both the velocity and the position of an electron.
Orbital a region in space within which there is a high probability of finding an electron
Sublevel is a subdivision of the main energy level,and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy
Electron configuration shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom of an element
Aufbau Principle When building up the electron configuration of an atom in its ground state, the electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels
Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity States that when two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, the electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs
The Pauli exclusion principle States that no more than two electrons may occupy an orbital, and they must have opposite spin
Created by: LauraBcooke
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