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US history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the federal government contribute to the building of the national rail network? | They granted land to them |
| What was the original transcontinental railroad, commissioned by Congress, which built its rail line west of Omaha? | Union Pacific Railroad |
| What was the California-based railroad company that employed Chinese laborers in building lines across the mountains? Who headed this company? | The Central Pacific - Stanford |
| What was the northernmost of the transcontinental railroad lines, organized by economically wise and public spirited industrialist James J. Hill? | The Great Northern Railroad |
| The expansion and prosperity of the railroad industry were often accompanied by what three business occurrences? | Rapid mergers, bankrupcies, reorganizations |
| What three things did the railroads create, stimulate, and encourage nationally? | integrated national market of raw materials & consumer goods |
| Who was the pro-business clergyman whose "Acres of Diamonds" speeches criticized the poor? | Conwell |
| Characterize the railroad owners in their dealings with shippers, the government, and the public | unfair & corrupt |
| Who was an aggressive eastern railroad builder and consolidator who scorned the law as an obstacle to this enterprise? | Vanderbilt |
| Who was the most efficient and public-minded of the early railroad-building industrialists? | HIll |
| Even though early federal efforts at railroad regulation were weak, what effect did they have on industrial competition? | Order & Stability |
| What technique involved combining into one organization all the phases of manufacturing from the raw material to the customer? Who is known for this practice? | Vertical integrations - Carnigee |
| What technique involved consolidating with competitors in the same market? who is known for this practice? | Horizontal integration - Rockefeller |
| What practices by the railroad barons aroused considerable public opposition? | stock watering & bribery of public officials |
| how did the railroads affect the concept of time in the United States? | introducing 4 standard time zones |
| What was the Supreme Court case of 1886 that prevented states from regulating railroads or other forms of inter state commerce? | Wabash case |
| What was the first most important federal effort at regulating industry? What agency was developed to carry out this law? What was its original intention and how was it used by the railroads? | interstate commerce act, interstate commission, to regulate railroads |
| What two late-nineteenth century technological inventions especially drew women out of the home into workforce? | typewriter & telephone |
| Who was a former teacher of the deaf whose invention created an entire new industry | Bell |
| Who was an inventive genius of industrialization that worked on devices such as the electric light, the phonograph, and the motion picture? | Edison |
| Who was a magazine illustrator who created a romantic image of the new, independent woman? | Gibson |
| What was the first of the great industrial trusts, organized through a principle of "horizontal integration" that ruthlessly incorporated or destroyed competitors? | Standard oil company |
| What was the first billion-dollar American corporation, organized when JP Morgan bought out andrew Carnegie? | US Steel Corp. |
| How did large trusts like Standard Oil and Swift and Armour justify their economic domination of industry |
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