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Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia - Neuroanatomy - HST130

QuestionAnswer
Basal ganglia includes how many nuclei? Name them 5: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamic nucleus, Substantia nigra
Where is the nucleus accumbens? Inferior, Ventral Striatum
Striatum includes... Putamen, Caudate, Nucleus Accumbens
Lentiform nucleus includes... Putamen & Globus Pallidus
Lateral & Medial Medullary Lamina separate... Lateral separates GP&Putamen. Medial separates GPi&GPe
Caudate is against the wall of ___ Lateral Ventricles
Corpus striatum consists of... Lentiform nucleus & Caudate
Claustrum is separated from insula & putamen by... extreme & external capsules
Claustrum has connections with... reciprocal connections with large parts of cortex.
Blood supply to Striatum Branches of MCA
Blood supply to GP Anterior choroidal
SN & Subthalamic nucleus blood supply Branches of PICA & PCA
Fields of Forel White matter tracts from GPi to Thalamus (thru internal capsule)
Direct Pathway Cortex --> Striatum --> GPi/SNr --> Thalamus --> Cortex
Associate which GPi with what structure? SNr. Functionally, GPi/SNr is same
Parkinson's Dz destroys what part of basal ganglia? What is net result? SNc for both direct and indirect pathways. End result is decreased thalamus --> cortex
PD is hypo/hyper kinetic disorder Hypokinetic (Decreased thalamus-->cortex)
Early HD takes out which basal ganglia pathway? What is net result? Takes out indirect pathway striatum --> GPe (inhibitory). End result is increased thalamus --> cortex
HD is hypo/hyper kinetic disorder Hyperkinetic (Increased thalamus-->cortex)
Thalamic fasciculus includes... Lenticular fasciculus, ansa lenticularis, SCP
Lenticular fasciculus histologically Runs through internal capsule like teeth of a comb
Lenticular fasciculus connects... From GPi to Thalamus
Ansa lenticularis connects... From GPi to Thalamus
Ansa lenticularis histologically Hooks beneath internal capsule
Lenticular fasciculus vs ansa lenticularis size comparison Lenticular fasciculus is bigger
Direct pathway (detailed version, not including nigrostriatal) Cortex --(+) Striatum --(-) GPi/SNr --(-) Thalamus --(+) Cortex.
Direct pathway nigrostriatal pathway SNc --(+) D1 on Striatum
Direct pathway nigrostriatal tract uses which receptor? Excit/Inhib? Excitatory D1
Indirect pathway (detailed version, not including nigrostriatal) Cortex --(+) Striatum --(-) GPe --(-) STN --(+) GPi/SNr --(-) Thalamus --(+) Cortex.
Indirect pathway nigrostriatal pathway SNr --(-) D2 on Striatum
Indirect pathway nigrostriatal tract uses which receptor? Excit/Inhib? Inhibitory D2
The only efferent output that is excitatory in the basal ganglia STN --(+) GPi/SNr in indirect pathway
3 major functions of basal ganglia and the components responsible for each Motor-Putamen, Associative-Caudate, Limbic-NucAccumbens
Basal ganglia mostly project to what part of thalamus? VA (VL is mostly from cerebellar)
Destruction of what part of basal ganglia results in hemiballism STN
HD is characterized by severe degeneration of what part? Caudate (Striatum)
PD is characterized by severe degeneration of what part? Substantia Nigra pars compacta
Wilson's disease (copper metabolism defect) results in lesions where? Lentiform nucleus (putamen & GP)
Wilson's disease produces hypo/hyper kinetic symptoms Hyperkinetic. Get chorea, athetosis, wing beating tremor
Subthalamic fasciculus connects... What it looks like histologically GP to Subthalamic Nucleus. Runs across internal capsule like teeth of a comb.
Basal ganglia lesions can cause which movement disorders? Hemiballism, Bradykinesia, Chorea, Rigidity, Athetosis
Anterior limb of internal capsule separates... Caudate & Putamen
Posterior limb of internal capsule separates... Thalmus & putamen
Methanol toxicity causes lesion to... Putamen
D1/D2. which is lost first in HD D2
D1 striatal neurons Substance P/Dynorphins/GABA to GPi
D2 striatal neurons Enkephalins/GABA to GPe
Caudate, Putamen, Ventral Striatum Functions Caudate-Association/Cognition. Putamen-Motor. Ventral Striatum-Limbic,Drive Behavior
Created by: xin_gao1984
 

 



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