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Community needs assessment
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FCS 306 CHPT 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Food insecurity | limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways (for example, not knowing where one's next meal is coming from) |
| Community needs assessment | an evaluation of the community in terms of its health and nutritional status, its needs, and the resources available to address those needs |
| Health status | the condition of a population's or individual's health, including estimates of quality of life and physical and psychosocial functioning |
| nutritional status | the condition of a population's or individual's health as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients and nonnutrients |
| asset mapping | a community assessment that documents existing assets & resources; inventory of groups including the associations, private & nonprofit organizations, and public institutions that are part of community life & can be used for improvement & problem solving |
| target population | the population that is the focus of an assessment, study, or intervention |
| 7 steps in conducting a community needs assessment | 1) define the problem 2) set parameters of assessment 3) collect data 4) analyze/interpret data 5) share the findings 6) set priorities 7) choose a plan of action |
| Examples of nutritional problems in the community? | infants at nutritional risk, obesity, low-birth weight infants, inadequate food intake of immigrants, poor quality diets of high school students, etc. |
| What is the purpose of setting parameters for a needs assessment? | to determine the direction that the assessment will go |
| 5 main aspects to setting parameters for needs assessments | 1) define community 2) determine the purpose 3) define target population 4) set goals/objectives 5) specify types of data needed |
| Examples of purposes of needs assessments | identify groups at risk nutritionally, who is most affected, whether or not resources are meeting needs, tailor a program to a specific population, etc. |
| Goals | broad statements of what an activity or program is expected to accomplish |
| Objectives | statements of outcomes and activities needed to read a goal; uses verbs such as increase, reduce, begin, etc. that have a measurable outcome; single purpose per objective |
| Qualitative data | data that describe or explain, are considered subjective, and can be categorized or ranked, but not quantified |
| Key informants | people who are "in the know" about the community and whose opinions and insights can help direct the needs assessment |
| Stakeholders | people who have a vested interest in identifying and addressing the nutritional problem |
| Quantitative data | numerical data that can be measured and are considered objective |
| Vital statistics | figures pertaining to LIFE EVENTS, such as births, deaths, & marriages |
| What are some types of data that can be gathered about the community? | Organizational power/structure, demographic data, community health, existing programs/services, environmental characteristics, and socioeconomic factors |
| Examples of environmental characteristics to look at? | food availability, access to care, geography, climate, food growing season, location/type of stores, transportation, etc. |
| Examples of socioeconomic characteristics to look at? | income, use of public assistance, education level, literacy rate, etc. |
| What is the key to doing a community needs assessment? | OBSERVE! |
| Geographic information systems (GIS) | computerized systems used to collect, analyze, and display a wide array of information associated with geographic locations |
| Community Nutrition Mapping Project (CNMap) | an application that combines food and nutrition indicators at geographic levels; gives snapshot |
| Five major categories of CNMap | 1) nutrient intakes 2) healthy eating patterns 3) physical activity/weight indicators 4) food security 5) demographics |
| Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) | map that graphically displays the prevalence of behavioral risk factors at the state and metropolitan areas |
| Should you collect broad or detailed community data? | start broad and then get detailed individual data |
| Culture | knowledge, beliefs, customs, laws, morals, art, and any other habits and skills acquired by humans as members of society |
| What are the two choices regarding data collection of the target population? | 1) use existing data 2) collect data because existing data does not exist |
| What are the three broad categories of data to collect? | community, background, and target population |
| Four steps for diagnosing the community | 1) interpreting state of health of target pop. 2) interpreting pattern of health care services 3) interpreting relationship b/n health status & health care 4) summarizing evidence linking target pop.'s problem to their environment |
| Health outcome | the effect of an intervention on the health and well-being of an individual or population |
| Main purpose of setting priorities | determining the immediate need because we have limited funds/resources and cannot solve all public health matters simultaneously |
| Advocacy | building support for an idea, cause, or change |
| How is a community needs assessment related to being an entrepreneur? | the something of value created is the snapshot of the nutritional and health problems of the community |
Created by:
amay322