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APUSH Chpter 3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| John Calvin | Influential French Theologian and Humanist during the Protestant Reformation. Principal figure of the branch of Christianity known as Calvinism. |
| Thomas Hooker | Prominent Puritan colonist, who founded the colony of Connecticut. Prominent preacher of the Congregationalist Church. Leader of universal christian suffrage. |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan spiritual adviser. Prominent figure in the Antinomian Controversy, a religious conflict in Massachusetts. Was put on trial and banished from the colony for her beliefs. |
| William Penn | English philosopher, businessman, Quaker, and founder of Pennsylvania. Advocated democracy and religious freedom. Promoted peaceful relations with the indian tribes. |
| Roger Williams | English Protestant theologian. Promoted religious freedom and separation of church and state. Promoted ideas abolishing slavery in the US. started the first Baptist Church in america. |
| John Winthrop | English Puritan lawyer, one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Served as it's governor for several years. |
| Henry Hudson | English sea explorer and navigator, made 2 attempts to find a Northwest Passage to China. Explored the New York area, and the Hudson river, which was named after him. |
| King Philip | Nickname of Metacomet, a Chief or Sachem, of the Wampanoag indians, and their leader in King Philip's War. |
| William Bradford | English Separatist leader in the Plymouth Colony, signer of the Mayflower Compact. Served as Plymouth Governor. His journal is the one of the most commonly used sources of information about Plymouth at this time. |
| John Cotton | Clergyman in the American colonies. Prominent minister in Massachusetts. Puritan leader and scholar. |
| Peter Stuyvescant | Known as Petrus, served as director of the New Netherlands colony for the dutch, till it was ceded to the english, where it was renamed New York. Major leader in New York's early history. |
| Sir Edmund Andros | English colonial administrator, governor of the Dominion of New England during it's 3 year existence. Served as governor of various other notable colonies, such as New York and Virginia. |
| William Laud | English Churchman. Archbishop of Canterbury during King Charles 1 reign. Autocratic in matters of church. Opponent of Puritans and Calvanist, arrested and executed on charges of treason. |
| Protestant Reformation | Schism in Western Christianity between Martin Luther, John Calving, and other Protestant Reformers. Started in 1517 with Luther's publication of the Ninety Five Theses. |
| General Court | Legislation in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, when the colonial assembly would sit as a judicial court, in addition to making laws. |
| Dutch West Indian Companies | Company made by Royal Charter of England. Granted Trade monopoly of the Caribbean and given jurisdiction over the Atlantic slave trade. |
| Separatists | Protestants who wished to separate from the Church of England rather than reform it from within. |
| Bible Commonwealth | Christian Theocracies with laws based on the bibles teaching, and voting restricted to church members. Popular in the Puritan colonies of New England. |
| Quakers | Group of religious movements known as the Religious Society of Friends. Unifying doctrine included the priesthood given to all believers. |
| Protestant Ethic | A concept in theology which emphasizes hard work, and diligence as a constant display of christian faith. Phrase Coined by Max Weber in 1904. |
| The Fundamental Orders | Documents detailing the laws of the Connecticut Colony. considered the first written constitution in Western tradition. Gave more men voting rights. |
| Mayflower Compact | The first governing document in the Plymouth Colony. Written by Separatists fleeing religious persecution by King James. Signed aboard the ship by most men. |
| Puritans | Group of English protestants including Calvinists and several other groups. Dissatisfied with the English Reformation, and English tolerance of Catholic practices, they sought to advocate "purer" forms of worship. |
| New England Confederation | Short lived military alliance between Puritan colonies to defend the church and oppose native american aggression. In practice it was short lived, and it's goals largely went unaccomplished. Served an important place in King Philip's War. |
| Calvinism | Major branch of Protestantism that followed the practices of John Calvin. Also known as the "Reformed Faith", by early Calvinists. |
| Dominion of New England | Administrative union of the New England Colonies. It was deeply resented by many colonists, and it's politics were quickly udnone after it was overthrown. Governed by Edmund Andros for it's majority. |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | Company given the Royal Charter to found the Massachusetts colony. |
| Navigation Laws | Series of acts restricting use of foreign ships for trade in British colonies. Reflected the practice of mercantilism, and sought to keep trade in the empire. |
| Great Puritan Migration | The movement of Puritans to the New England colonies while fleeing religious persecution from the tension in England between the Protestants and the Church of England. |
| King Philip's War | Extremely bloody Armed conflict between New England and Native Americans led by Metacomet, or, King Philip. Puritan forces eventually hunted and killed Metacomet. A peace treaty was signed almost 2 years later. |
| Glorious Revolution | Revolution that overthrew King James II. Started due to his Catholicism and close ties to France. William III invaded with a Dutch fleet and won the war. |
| Institutes of the Christian Religion | John Calvin's seminal work on Protestantism. A highly influential work in the Protestant Reformation. |
| Franchise | 1.A warrant granted by a government or company to a group allowing them to carry out certain commercial activities. 2. The right to vote |
| Patroonship | A deeded tract of land in the Dutch colony of New Netherlands. These tracts of land were given out to individuals and groups, carrying with them powerful rights and privileges, similar to a lordship. |
| Freeman | A man in the Puritan colonies who possessed the right to vote and all civil and political rights due. Sometimes required him to be a church member. |
| Antinomianism | In Christianity, one who denies the fixed meaning of christian moral law, and believes salvation is achieved solely through faith, without the need to obey these moral laws. |
| Doctrine of a Calling | A doctrine believed by John Winthrop and many puritans that instructed the Puritans to do God's work, (and that their belief was God's true work). |
| Covenant | In Abrahamic religions, it is the idea that there exists a formal agreement between a religious community or mankind as a whole. |
Created by:
eligale