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Chem 04 Atoms
Terms associated with development of Atomic Theory through Bohr
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter is neither created nor destroyed during (chemical or physical) changes; mass of reactants = mass of products... this is the law of _?_ | conservation of mass |
| elements that chemically combine do so in consistent proportions by mass... this is the law of _?_ | definite proportions |
| gaseous elements that react do so in simple ratios by volume... this is the law of _?_ | combining gas volumes |
| when two elements combine in more than one definite ratio by mass, fixing the mass of the first element reveals the masses of the second element form simple, whole # ratios... this is the law of _?_ | multiple proportions |
| he proposed the first atomic theory (had 5 basic ideas or 'tenets') | Dalton |
| smallest part of element that retains its properties; the building block of matter | atom |
| made of only one kind of atom | element |
| Dalton 1: matter is composed of tiny particles called _?_ | atoms |
| Dalton 2: atoms cannot be _?_, _?_, or _?_ | created, destroyed, broken |
| Dalton 3: atoms of the same element are _?_ | identical |
| Dalton 4: atoms of different elements are _?_, specifically in their _?_ | different; weight |
| Dalton 5: when atoms combine, they do so in simple _?_ | whole number ratios |
| device used by Thomson to discover electrons, the first subatomic particle (plum pudding model) | cathode ray tube (CRT) |
| procedure used by Rutherford to identify and measure characteristics of the atomic nucleus by firing alpha particles at a metal target | gold foil experiment |
| he developed an atomic model placing electrons at specific distances from the nucleus based on specific light frequencies emitted by atoms | Bohr |
| one of the 'fixed' paths followed by electrons as they orbit the nucleus | energy level |
| small, super dense, positive center of atom | nucleus |
| negatively charged region surrounding atom's nucleus | electron cloud |
| positively charged subatomic particle located in nucleus and having a mass of 1 amu | proton |
| 1/12th the mass of a C-12 isotope, used for measuring relative mass of atoms | amu (u, or dalton) |
| negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting nucleus, having a mass of nearly 0 amu | electron |
| subatomic particle having no charge (0), a mass of about 1 amu, and located in nucleus | neutron |
| Millikan's procedure for determining the exact mass and charge of an electron | oil drop experiment |
| it tells the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | atomic number |
| sum of protons + neutrons in atom's nucleus | mass number |
| atoms of same element but with different # of neutrons | isotopes |
| specific isotope used to define the atomic mass unit | C-12 |
| way of 'naming' an isotope using super- and subscripts | nuclear symbol |
| name of the H-1 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+ | protium |
| name of the H-2 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+& 1 n | deuterium |
| name of the rare, radioactive H-3 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+ & 2 n's | tritium |
| weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element | atomic mass |
| quantity found by using the equation "mass # - atomic #" | # of neutrons |
| overall charge of a normal, uncombined atom in which the # of p+ = # e- | neutral |
| maximum capacity of the 1st energy level | 2 |
| maximum capacity of the 2nd energy level | 8 |
| maximum capacity of the 3rd energy level | 18 |
| term used by Democritus to describe indivisible particles he thought matter might be made of (Greek for "uncuttable") | atomos |
| order of discovery of the 3 major subatomic particles | electron, proton, neutron |
| "A.P.E." in A.P.E.M.A.N. means _?_ | atomic # = # protons = # electrons |
| "M.A.N." in A.P.E.M.A.N. means _?_ | mass # – atomic # = # neutrons |
| if an element naturally occurs as nearly or completely one isotope, its atomic mass on the periodic table will be very close to a _?_ | whole number |
| if you know the # of isotopes, their % abundance, and relative mass... you can calculate _?_ | average atomic mass |
| equation for calculating the # of electrons required to fill any energy level "n" | 2n^2 |
| the condition of an electron when at its lowest possible energy | ground state |
| describes an electron at a higher than normal energy level | excited |
| a change of energy levels (up or down) of an electron | transition |
| experiment that identifies metal ions by the color of light they make in a fire | flame test |
| light 'fingerprint' emitted by a gaseous element when electrically stimulated | emission (bright-line) spectrum |
| crest to crest distance of a wave | wavelength |
| # of waves that pass a point per second | frequency |
| SI unit of frequency | hertz |
| math relationship between frequency and wavelength for waves in a particular medium | inversely proportional |
| mnemonic for remembering visible light spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength | ROY G. BIV |
| wavelength range of the visible spectrum | 400 - 700 nanometers |
| 10^-9 meters | nanometer |
| 'speed of light' abbreviation and # | c (3.00x10^8 m/s) |
| variable/letter that stands for wavelength | λ |
| the electron transition from upper level to the 1st produces _?_ light (electromagnetic radiation) | ultraviolet |
| the electron transition from upper level to the 2nd produces _?_ light (electromagnetic radiation) | visible |
| the electron transition from upper level to the 3rd produces _?_ light (electromagnetic radiation) | infrared |
Created by:
goakley
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