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Human Body ch1
8 th grade science ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Science of structure. Relationships revealed by dissection. Imaging techniques |
| Physiology | Science of the body Function. some genetic variation occurs |
| What are the levels of organizations | Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism |
| How are cells related to tissues? | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function |
| Why are the cells of complex organism specialized? | Perform specific but different jobs necessary for survival |
| What are the four types of tissues | Nerve tissue, Connective tissue, muscle tissues, epithelial tissues, |
| Nerve tissues | carries impulses back and forth to the brain from the body |
| Muscles tissue | Cardiac, smooth, skeletal-- contract and shorten, making body parts move Skeletal is voluntary - cardiac and smooth are involuntary |
| Epithelial tissues | covers the surface of the body, inside (as lining and covering of organs) and outside (layer of skin) |
| Connective tissues | connects all parts of the body and provides support - tendons, ligaments, cartilage |
| How would blood be classified? | a liquid tissue group of cells working together-Connective tissue |
| How does organ system meet the bodies needs? | each organ system performs a necessary function, and together the systems allow the human organism to grow, reproduce, and maintain life |
| what does Homeostasis mean | Home means same, stasis means stay. The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal enviroment |
| What are some Functions that maintain Homeostasis? | 1. amount of blood sugar in your blood 2. posture. 3.Sweating 4. Shivering |
| What are three functions performed by organ systems | digestive system, Elimination, Reproduction, |
| how does water after you sweat hep maintain homestatis | when you sweat, your body loses water. Adding new water to the body helps maintain homeostasis. needed for survival of the organisms. |
| How would all four types of tissue be involved in a simple activity- like raising hand? | when you raise your hand, nerve tissues carries a message from your brain, and the muscle tissues contracts to move the bone made of connective and epithelial tiess |
| how many bones in the body | 206 bones (over 300 at births) |
| what is the longest bone in the body | Femer |
| how are the axial and appendicular skeletal different? | Axial is central and to provide support and protection. Appendicular attached to the axial skeleton, function to allow movement |
| Axial skeleton | Central pat of skeleton Main function- to provide support and protection |
| Appendicular Skeletal | attached to axial skeleton. Main function- to allow movement |
| 5 functions of the skeletal system | Movement, support, protection, makes blood, mineral storage |
| movement function of skeletal system | skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles- legs and arms move when muscles contract |
| Support Function of skeletal system | the backbone is the main support center for the upper body. it holds the head and protects your spinal cord |
| Protection function of the skeletal system | the bones of your skull protects your brain. ribs protect your lungs |
| Makes Blood function of the skeletal system | red and white blood cells are formed by tissues called marrow, which is in the center of the bone |
| Mineral storage function of the skeletal system | bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorous for use of body |
| know what bones are made of. The structure and term applied with a long bone? | minerals (bones store calcium) water, and tissues |
| What kind of bones tissue makes up the bones? | compact and spongy tissue |
| what is the periosteum of the bones | made of living connective tissues covered with a tough, tight-fitting membrane that covers the bone |
| four types of bones | long- arms, legs and fingers short- wrist and ankles irregular- spine, vertebra flat- ribs, skull, sternum |
| Spongy bone tissue | located at the ends of long bones. filled with substance called marrow (yellow and red marrow) |
| Marrow | produces blood cells (white and red). fills in the space in spongy bones. New blood cells travel from the marrow into the blood vessels that run through out the bones. |
| compact bones tissue | directly under the periosteum. hard, strong layer contains the blood vessels. covers outside of bone. give strength. it is a dense tissues that gives the bones much of its strength |
| how does bone receive nourishment? | blood vessels bring in the nutrients |
| where are red blood cells formed | bone marrow |
| what is the production of blood cell called? | hemopoiesis |
| Red Marrow is ? | produces blood cells Hemopoiesis- the formation/production of blood cells. |
| yellow marrow is? | energy is stored. the material is composed of adipose tissue (fat) and scattered leukocytes (white blood cells). |
| adipose tissue | fat and where the source of energy for the human body |
| leukocytes tissues | white blood cells |
| which part of the skeleton part is most important | axial it is the structure. |
| describe how the skeleton develops through out life time | infancy-skull made up of space, as brain & skull grows, and close. childhood-growth occurs in growth plates. adolescence- bones stop growing (growth plate becomes hard) and fuse adult-old bones breakdown and grow again, decrease bone mass & density |
| growth plate | where growth in childhood takes place. made up of cartilage. length and shape of bones is determined by this. in adolescence bones stop growing and this last portion turns bone is hard. |
| what are ligaments | bones are held in place at the joints by a tough band of tissues |
| what is tendon | attaches the muscles to the bones |
| what is cartilage | it acts as a cushion between bones and joints and protects the bones. no blood vessels |
| what are the connectors of the body | ligament, cartilage, joints, |
| what joints are immovable | lock bones like a puzzle piece- skull and pelvis, s |
| Freely movable joints | allows your body to bend and to move. classified by the type of movement they produce. Pivot Rotational Angular Gliding |
| what types of movable joints | pivot- , rotational-ball and socket, angular, gliding |
| pivot joints | one bones rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move. permits free movement. neck, wrist, ankles |
| gliding joints | one part of the bone slides over another bone ex. knuckles |
| rotational ball and socket joints | bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another. ex shoulder and hip |
| angular joints | hinge joint back and forth movement like hinge on door ex knee and elbow |
| what function does immovable joint in skull perform | lock the bones together to protect the brain |
| which movable joint allows the most movement? how by shape and structure | ball and socket because it can move up and down and all the way around. |
| what are the three types of movement in your hand and wrist. | gliding (thumbs), pivot (wrist), angular (fingers) |
| what are the functions that muscles perform | body movement, maintain posture, maintain body temperature |
| how does muscles help maintain homeostasis | functioning to maintain body temperature. when contracted they release heat (shiver quick muscles contractions release heat and raise your body temperature. |
| skeletal muscles | voluntary muscles- Function- move when you want them to move. shape- made of long fibers. location- attached to bones. characteristics striated light and dark bands, many nuclei |
| voluntary muscles | move when you want them to move |
| involuntary muscles | move automatically- contracts slowly (muscles that line your stomach) |
| cardic muscles | involuntary, heart- function beating of the heart, shape branching.characteristics- striated one or two nuclei |
| smooth muscles | involuntary. function movement of internal organs. location- walls of internal organs and skin. shape- spindle. characteristics- non-striated one nucleus |
| how do muscles move the bone | when the muscles contracts or relaxes, it pulls on the tendon, which pulls the bone |
| why sore after exercise | muscle fibers can be overstretched or torn, Chemicals (lactic acid) can build up in muscles during exercise |
| why feel hot when exercising | when the muscles contract, it release heat. |
| what is the purpose of the rib cage | protect the heart and lungs |
| how many bones are in your hand | 27 |
| how many bones are in you foot | 26 |
| what are the separate bones of the spine called | Vertebra |
| how do muscle maintain posture | all muscles are always a little bit contracted to hold up the body in gravity |
| when does a sprain occur | when ligaments is torn from its attachment |
| compound fracture | a bone breaks that pierces or ruptures the skin |
| comminuted | a fracture caused when bone fragments or splinters into more that two pieces |
| sutures | areas where the cranial bones have joined together |
| true ribs | first 7 pairs of ribs |
| joints | areas where two or more bones join together |
| how many muscles are in the body | about 650 |
| what is the muscular system made of | muscles and tendon |
| ossification | process of cartridge turning into bones |
Created by:
Flynnfamily