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Radt 334 Unit 1
Unit 1 chapters 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which tube did Roentgen used when he discovered x-rays | Crookes tube |
| What substance did Roentgen discover x-rays with | barium platinocyanide |
| Name of first fatality due to x-rays and when | Clarence Daly in 1904 |
| When did biological effects of x-ray begin to be studied | 1910 |
| Einstein formula that led to development of nuclear power | E=mc(2) |
| What year were X-rays discovered | 1895 |
| When was fluoroscopy developed? | 1898-1900's |
| When was nuclear medicine developed? | early 1900's |
| When was CT developed? | 1970's |
| When was MRI developed? | 1970's |
| When was ultrasound developed? | 1960's |
| Branch of physics concerned with the study of objects at rest and in motion | mechanics |
| anything that occupies space | matter |
| measurement unit of mass | kg |
| removal of an electron from an atom | ionization |
| random motion of molecules | heat |
| smallest particles that has all the properties of an element | atom |
| 4 measurement systems | SI (m,kg,s), CKS (cm,g,s), MKS (m,kg,s), and British (foot, pound, s) |
| unit for measurement of length | meters |
| time measurement | seconds |
| base quantities of measurement of mechanics | mass, length, and time |
| combination of two or more base quantities | derived quantities |
| velocity | v=d/t |
| average velocity | final velocity + initial velocity/ 2 |
| speed of light (c) | C = 3 x 10(8) |
| acceleration (a) | final velocity - initial velocity / time |
| force (F) | F= ma |
| measure of how fast something is moving (speed) / rate of change of position with time | velocity |
| the rate of change of velocity with time | acceleration |
| A body at rest will stay at rest. A body in motion will stay in motion. | Newton's first law of motion: inertia |
| the property of matter that acts to resist a change in its state of motion | inertia |
| the force that acts on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration produced | Newton's second law of motion: force |
| unit of measurement for force | newton |
| the product of the mass of an object and its velocity | momentum |
| momentum (p) | p = mv |
| the force applied times the distance over which it is applied | work (W) |
| Work | W = Fd |
| power (P) | P = Fd/t |
| SI unit for power | J/s |
| special quantities | exposure, dose, effective dose, and radioactivity |
| measurement unit for energy | Joules (J) |
| measurement unit for work | Joules (J) |
| measurement unit for power | watt |
| measurement unit for velocity | m/s |
| measurement unit for acceleration | m/s(2) |
| measurement unit for weight (Wt) | newton (N) |
| measurement for momentum (p) | kg-m/s |
| radiation in air | roentgen |
| radiation absorbed dose | rad |
| occupational radiation exposure | rem |
| radioactivity | Curie (Ci) |
| conversion to Si system | R, rad, rem multiply by 0.01 / Ci multiply by 3.7 x 10(10) |
| energy cannot be created or destroyed -rather it is transferred | Law of Conservation |
| 7 types of energy | potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical, thermal, nuclear, and electromagnetic |
| two forms of mechanical energy | potential and kinetic |
| types of electromagnetic energy | radiowaves, ultraviolet light, microwaves, visible light, infrared light, and x-rays |
| types of thermal energy | conduction, convection, and radiation |
| transfer of thermal energy by touch | conduction |
| transfer of thermal energy by mechanical means via gas or liquid molecules | convection |
| transfer of thermal energy through infrared radiation | radiation |
| 3 natural radiation sources | cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, and internally deposited radionuclides |
| radionuclides | uranium, radium, and radon (radon biggest source) |
| manmade radiation sources | nuclear power generators, consumer items, and diagnostic x-rays (diagnostic x-rays biggest source) |
| absorbs low energy x-rays | filtration |
| radiation safety | ALARA, filtration, Potter-Bucky grids, PBL (positive beam limit), and lead barriers |
| absorbs scatter radiation | Potter-Bucky grid |
| limits radiation field | PBL |
| protects from secondary radiation exposure | lead barriers |
| hook & eye combinations model of atom / first to describe element being comprised of identical atoms | Dalton |
| plum pudding model of atom / electrons suspended in gelatinous material | Thomson |
| disproved Thomson's model of atom/ discovered atoms had nucleus | Rutherford |
| developed today's model of atom - miniature solar system | Bohr |
| fundamental building blocks of matter / comprised of fundamental particles | atoms |
| electrically neutral / inside nucleus/ 1 amu | neutron |
| positive charge /inside nucleus /1 amu /total numbe = atomic number and determines element | proton |
| negative charge/ outside nucleus/ 0 amu | electron |
| fundamental particles of atoms | proton, neutron, and electron |
| atom's normal state | neutral: protons = electrons |
| when an electron is added or removed from an atom | ionized atom |
| how to figure number of protons in an atom | atomic number is equal to number of protons |
| how to figure the number of neutrons in an atom | atomic mass - atomic number = number of neutrons |
| how to figure number of electrons in an atom | number of protons (atomic number) = the number of electrons |
| atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass | isotope |
| atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers | isobar |
| atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons | isotone |
| atoms that have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass but different energy levels | isomers |
Created by:
tkmccracke
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