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Cells and Microscope
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | mallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions. |
| cell theory | 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells come from preexisting cells. |
| differences between a plant and animal cell | only plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast, slightly rectangular shape, large central vacuoule, and a lack of evidence of lysosomes |
| chloroplast | green, chlorophyll – containing plant cell organelle that converts sunlight, CO2, and H2O into sugar. |
| eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound structures inside the cell. |
| prokaryotic cell | a cell that has NO nucleus or membrane-bound structures inside the cell |
| The ____________directs all activity of the cell and contains genetic information stored in DNA. | nucleus |
| The ____________________receives directions from the nucleus on how to make specific proteins. | ribosomes |
| Plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria are enclosed in a(n)____________________. | cell wall |
| _________________is like a conveyer belt. (it can be rough or smooth based on the presence of ribosomes) | endoplasmic recticulum |
| Most of a cell’s life processes occur in the _____________________. | cytoplasm |
| 12. Within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are structures called _____________________. | organelles |
| __________________ is a tough, rigid outer covering that protects the cell and gives it shape. | cell wall |
| _____________is a constantly moving, gel-like mixture inside of the cell membrane that contains hereditary material. | cytoplasm |
| Rough ER contains attached ____________________. | ribosomes |
| __________________acts as a temporary storage of materials and stores food, water, and waste products. | vacuoles |
| ___________prepares proteins for their specific jobs, and packages the proteins into vesicles which transport them from one area of a cell to another. | golgi apparatus |
| __________________break down food and release energy through a chemical reaction known as respiration. This energy is fuel for cellular process such as growth, cell division, and material transport. | mitochondria |
| __________large dark spot in the center of the nucleus that makes ribosomes. | nucleolus |
| ___________________________is a protective flexible membrane (covering) around a cell that helps to regulate interactions between its environment. | cell membrane |
| __________________are vesicles that contain substances that help break down and recycle cellular parts. | lysosomes |
| _______________are structures found in eukaryotic cells. They have special functions and are surrounded by membranes | organelles |
| ______________uses light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object. | light microscope |
| ________________is a light microscope that uses more than one lens to magnify an object. | compound light microscope |
| uses a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through or onto an object’s surface. Electron microscopes can magnify up to 100,000 times or more. | electron microscopes |
| _____________can only be used to study dead organisms, because objects must be mounted in plastic and sliced very thin. In a TEM, electrons pass through the object and a computer produces an image of the object. | transmission electron microscopes |
| _________________are usually used to study an object’s surface. With the SEM, electrons bounce off the object, and a computer produces a three-dimensional image of the object. | scanning electron microscope |
| _________viewed cork tree bark, and coined the term “cells”. | Robert Hooke |
| Name the two scientists that discovered that plant and animal cells have similar features. | Schleiden and Schwann |
| ______________proposed that all cells come from cells that already exist. | Rudolf Virchow |
| The main ingredient of any cell is ________. | water |
| Cells are ________percent water. | 70 |
| ______________make up a large part of the inside of cells and surrounds the cells. | water |
| In addition to water, _____________________________ are found in cells. | macromolecules/organic compounds |
| ______________________are macromolecules/organic compounds that form when longs chains of molecules called nucleotides join together | nucleic acids |
| Example of a nucleic acid that is important because itcontains genetic information. | DNA |
| ________________are macromolecules that are long chains of amino acid molecules. | protein |
| ________________They have different functions that are necessary for nearly everything the cell does. | protein |
| _______________are large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water. | lipids |
| They play an important role as protective barriers in cells and cell membranes. | lipids |
| _________________are macromolecules that are made up of one, two, or several sugar molecules. | carbohydrates |
| They are responsible for storing energy, providing structural support, and providing communication between cells. | carbohydrates |
| Eukaryotic 70% water Made up of macromolecules | plant and animal cells |
| examples of protein | amylase or keratin |
Created by:
LOM Life Science