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Early Egypt
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Paleolithic Age | Earliest period of human history (2 million BC-10,000 BC) |
| Mary and Louis Leakey | Found pieces of bone in ancient rock that belonged to humans |
| Neolithic Age | The change from nomadic to settled farming life |
| Nomad | People who move from place to place as they followed game animals and ripening fruit |
| Glacier | Sheets of ice |
| Animism | The belief that the world is full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals,objects, or dreams |
| Domesticate | To tame wild animals |
| How did paleolithic people learn to adapt to their environment? | By inventing new technology based on where they were currently living |
| What do burial customs suggest about the beliefs of early peoples? | That they believed in life after death |
| What were the key features of the Neolithic agricultural revolution? How did it change people's lives? | By producing their own food people could remain in one place, which meant permanent villages and new ranges of skills and tools |
| Why would economic scarcity often lead to increased warfare between farming communities? | There was no way to buy food from other people or tools so people would fight for them to see who got them |
| How do you think economic scarcity and warfare changed the status of women in the Stone Age societies? | Men were the ones who stepped up to fight and would leave the girls in the dust. They ended up doing housework and babysitting while the men went out and fought, farmed, governed, etc. |
| Civilization | A complex, highly organized social order |
| Surplus | Extra |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods |
| Artisan | Skilled craftworkers |
| Pictogram | Simple drawings that looked like the objects they represented |
| Scribe | Educated writers who were specially trained to keep records |
| City-State | A political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages |
| Empire | Group of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| Steppe | Sparse dry grassland |
| Cultural Diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another |
| How did conditions in some river valleys favor the rise of early civilizations? | They favored farming by flooding and spreading silt across the valleys and renewing soil and keeping it fertile, animals (food) flocked to the river, and it was a regular water supply and transportation |
| How were government and religion linked closely in early civilizations? | Priests had the greatest power until warriors took over so the priests influenced the government and religion strongly |
| What are three causes of cultural change? | Trade, warfare, and migration |
| How did job specialization lead to the emergence of social classes in early civilizations? | Based on your job and who you worked for started to equal to your social status because not everyone was farmers anymore |
| Three examples that show cultural diffusion in today's world | Restaurants, schools, and moving |
| Why do you think that cultural changes occur more quickly today than in the past? | People are more open to new things now as they have grown accustomed to this new life |
| Menes | The King of Upper Egypt who united Upper and Lower Egypt and used The Nile as a highway linking the two together |
| Ptah-hotep | Trained young officials and wrote a book on how to avoid the errors he had seen in other officials |
| Giza | Location of the pyramids |
| Hatshepsut | The woman who exercised all the rights of a pharaoh and encouraged trade with eastern mediterranean lands and along the Red Sea coast of Africa |
| Ramses II | Most powerful pharaoh |
| Silt | Soil |
| Cataract | Waterfall |
| Delta | Triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers |
| Dynasty | Ruling family |
| Pharaohs | Absolute power of ruling and owning all the land in the kingdom |
| Vizier | Chief minister |
| Two examples of how the Nile shaped Egypt | People had to come together to control the Nile floods, and it united Upper and Lower Egypt |
| Achievement of Old Kingdom | Pyramids |
| Achievement of Middle Kingdom | Large drainage project,expanded trade,took over armies |
| Achievement of New Kingdom | Reached Euphrates river, furthered contact with other gantries, grew trade, conquered Nubia |
| How Egypt was affected by its contact with the Nubians | Mixed culture, traded and fought |
| How are colossal monuments, such as the pyramids, a source of information about ancient Egypt | They suggest the strength of the civilization and also left behind treasures in such in tombs |
| Why do you think Ramses ordered misleading information about his battles to be inscribed on a public monument? | So he would be remembered as a strong and victorious hero and leader |
| Osiris | God of the dead and The Nile |
| Isis | The symbol of divine and the ankh |
| Akhenaton | Pharaoh who tried to make everyone believe in only one God, Aton (Symbol of sun disk) |
| Tutankhamen | Pharaoh who was buried and never had his treasures stolen |
| Jean Champollion | French Scholar who figured out the meaning of ancient hieroglyphics |
| Rosetta Stone | Flat black stone that had the same message engraved in three different languages |
| The Tale of Sinuhe | Famous Egyptian folk tale |
| Mummification | The preservation of the dead |
| Hieroglyphics | A form of picture writing |
| Ideogram | Pictures that symbolize an idea or action |
| Demotic | Simpler form of writing developed for everyday use |
| Papyrus | Plant that grew along the edge of the Nile used as paper |
| Decipher | Decode |
| Which gods and goddesses were especially important to the ancient Egyptians? What role did they play in Egyptian life? | Osiris and Isis, and the Egyptians would pray and have ceremonies for them |
| What social classes existed in ancient Egypt and what rights did women have? | The social classes were based on job, the better of a job you had the higher up you were and women slowly lost their rights as time went on although they did have more than most women and at the time |
| Three achievements of ancient Egyptians in the arts or learning? | Hieroglyphics, painting, and poetry |
| How were religion,government, and the arts linked in ancient Egypt? | The arts showed the government and religion and the priests were the highest leaders as shown in art and they ruled the government |
| Two ways that Egyptian inventions or scientific advances were linked to geography | They found paper by The Nile, and trade |
Created by:
caroline_cole