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Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
1. The element that is combined with oxygen in water is _______________ 1. hydrogen
2. The atomic number is based on the number of ____________. 2. protons
3. A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom is called a(n) 3. electron
4. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ________________. 4. neutron
5. A unit formed by the union of two or more atoms is a(n) ______________. 5. molecule
6. A mixture in which the components separate unless shaken is a(n) ________________. 6. suspension
7. A substance in which another substance is dissolved is called a(n) ________________. 7. solvent
8. The universal solvent is ____________. 8. water
9. A charged atom or group of atoms is called a(n) ____________. 9. ion
10. A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between elements is called a(n) ________________ bond. 10. covalent
11. A negatively charged ion is a(n) ________________. 11. anion
12. Compounds that release ions in solution are called ____________. 12. electrolytes
13. An acid is a substance that donates a(n) ______________ ion to another substance. 13. hydrogen
14. The _________of a solution is based on its concentration of the element hydrogen. 14. pH
15. A substance with a pH of 8.5 is ________________. 15. basic or alkaline
16. A substance with a pH 4.0 of is ______________ acidic than a substance with a pH of 6.0. 16. more
17. A form of an element that differs in its atomic weight from other forms of that same element is a(n) ____________. 17. isotope
18. The element that is the basis of organic chemistry is ____________. 18. carbon
19. All proteins, but not sugars, contain the element ____________. 19. nitrogen
20. A protein that catalyzes reactions is called a(n) ____________. 20. enzyme
21. The prefix poly– means _______________. 21. many
22. List, and briefly describe, two uses of radioisotopes. 22. Radioisotopes are used for cancer (radiation) treatment. The radiation harms tumor cells to a greater extent than normal cells. Radioisotopes are also used for diagnosis. X-rays use radioisotopes. Also, radioisotopes can be taken into the body and
23. List the three characteristics of organic compounds. 23. Organic compounds (1) contain carbon, (2) form large, complex molecules, and (3) are found in living things.
24. List and briefly describe the three types of carbohydrates and give an example of each. 24. Monosaccharides are simple sugars consisting of a single sugar residue. An example is glucose. Disaccharides consist of two simple sugars. An example is maltose. Polysaccharides consist of many simple sugars linked together. Examples are starch an
25. Mr. L has difficulties digesting milk products due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. His doctor has provided him with a solution of lactase to consume every time he eats a dairy product. Mr. L decides he wants some hot chocolate. He boils his Enzymes are proteins. They are often inactivated by extreme heat. When Mr. L boiled his lactase solution, he inactivated the enzyme
26. Using your knowledge of word parts, what would be a logical definition for the term monosaccharidase? 26. Mono means one, sacchar/o means sugar, and –ase signifies an enzyme. A monosaccharidase would thus be an enzyme that acts on simple sugars (monosaccharides).
Created by: tking3612
 

 



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