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Prob&Stat Chapter 1
Prob&Stat Chapter 1 + 14.1, 14.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| variable | a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values (x) |
| data | measurements or observations for a variable (ages 4,7, 19) |
| random variable | a variable whose values are determined by chance (numbers on a die) |
| data set | a collection of data values (3 people with favorite color blue. 6 people with favorite color pink) |
| data value - datum | a value in a data set (the 6 people with favorite color pink) |
| probability | the chance of an event occurring (1/6 chance of rolling a three on a die) |
| population | the totality of all subjects possessing certain common characteristics that are being studied (100 people being sampled for their favorite color) |
| sample | a group of subjects selected from the population (ages 12-15 being used) |
| hypothesis testing | a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population (feeding an animal different foods to see which makes it grow larger) |
| independent variable (exploratory) | a variable in correlation and regression analysis that can be controlled or manipulated (amount of food fed) |
| dependent event (outcome, resultant) | events for which the outcome or occurrence of the first event affects the outcome or occurrence of the second event in such a way that the probability is changed (height of animal fed) |
| true vs. quasi experiments | a study that uses intact groups rather than random assignment of subjects to groups |
| confounding variable | a variable that influences the outcome variable but cannot be separated from the other variables that influence the outcome variable |
| Hawthorne event | an effect on an outcome variable caused by the fact that subjects of the study know that they are participating in the study |
| control group | a group in an experimental study that is not given any special treatment (group of people eating their same diet) |
| treatment group | a group in an experimental study that has received some type of treatment (group of people given higher-iron diets) |
| margin of error | the difference between the point estimate of a parameter and the actual value of the parameter (54 expected to be working from home, 49 sampled work from home) |
| margin of error interval | the value of the difference between the point estimate of a parameter and the actual value of the parameter (54 expected to be working from home, 49 sampled work from home. margin of error = 5) |
| biased question | when some type of systematic error has been made in the selection of the subjects (asking a person living in a metropolitan area what it's like living on a farm) |
| unbiased question | a sample chosen at random from the population that is, for the most part, representative of the population (asking a farmer what it's like living on a farm) |
| sequential sampling | a sampling technique used in quality control in which successive units are taken from production lines and tested to see whether they meet the standards set by the manufacturing company |
| double sampling | a sampling method in which a very large population is given a questionnaire to determine those who meet the qualifications for a study' the questionnaire is reviewed, a second smaller population is defined, and a sample is selected from this group |
| multistage sampling | a sampling technique that uses a combination of sampling methods |
Created by:
guitarzero80
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