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Prob and Stat CH. 1
chapter 1 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| variable | characteristic or attribute that can assume different values |
| data | values of the variables |
| random variable | variables that have their value determined by chance |
| data set | collection of data values |
| data value -- datum | each value of the data set |
| probability | the chance of an event occuring |
| population | consists of all subjects being studied |
| sample | group of subjects selected from a population |
| hypothesis testing | decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population based on info from samples |
| independent variable (exploratory) | a variable in correlation and regression analysis that can be controlled or manipulated |
| dependent event (outcome, resultant) | events for which the outcome or occurrence of the first event affects the outcome or occurrence of the second event in such a way that the probability is changed |
| true vs. quasi experiments | one case where the subjects are assigned to groups randomly while the other case is where subjects are in intact groups |
| confounding variable | a variable that influences the outcome variable but can't be separated from the other variables that influence the outcome variable. |
| Hawthorne effect | an effect on an outcome variable caused by the that subjects of the study know that they are participating in the study |
| control group | a group in an experimental study that isn't given any special treatment |
| treatment group | a group in an experimental study that has received some kind of treatment |
| margin of error | a usually small amount that is allowed for in case of miscalculation or change of circumstances |
| margin of error interval | the interval calculated after finding the amount of miscalculation or change of circumstances |
| biased question | a question constructed badly and is asked in such a way that the respondent can understand it wrongly and if can favor a certain answer |
| unbiased question | questions that are read in a way that they don't influence the respondents or provide info. which may color the opinions of the respondents |
| sequential sampling | used in quality control; successive units taken from the production line and sampled to ensure the product meets the standards |
| double sampling | a sampling method in which a very large population is given a questionnaire to determine those who meet the qualifications for a study; the questionnaire is reviewed, a second smaller population is defined, and a sample is selected from this group |
| multistage sampling | a sampling technique that uses a combination of sampling methods |
Created by:
jorschell15
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