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ABA Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ASD | Autism Spectrum Disorder-marked deficits in communication, social ability, and appropriate behavior across all environments beginning in early childhood |
| Asperger’s Syndrome | Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1 Severity |
| PDD-NOS | old terminology (from DSM IV) Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified |
| Behavior | anything a person does that can be observed |
| Function | what purpose (or function) a behavior serves: get attention, get access to something, etc. |
| FBA | Functional Behavior Assessment – a method of gathering evidence to discover which function a behavior is serving |
| Maintaining consequence | another term for the function of a behavior |
| Maintaining variable | another term for the function of a behavior |
| ABA | Applied Behavior Analysis – evidence-based practice for making meaningful changes to people’s behavior through manipulating the environmental factors that affect that behavior |
| BCBA | Board Certified Behavior Analyst |
| Reinforce | the act of providing a reinforcer contingently following a behavior, which will increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future |
| Reinforcer | the item delivered contingently upon a behavior, which has been shown to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future |
| Reward | something that the person might like is delivered following a behavior |
| Positive reinforcer | something is provided following a behavior that will increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future |
| Negative reinforcer | something is removed following a behavior that will increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future |
| Punishment | the act of providing a stimulus contingently following a behavior, which will decrease the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. |
| Punisher | (positive [something added] or negative [something removed]) – the stimulus used for punishment |
| Reinforcer assessment | a structured method of gathering data about which items or activities are most highly-preferred so that they may be tested as reinforcers |
| Discrete trial | a method for teaching a skill; has a defined beginning and a defined end; trials are repeated, drill-style, in blocks of 9 or 10 |
| Prompt | cues from teacher to indicate to the student what to do |
| Errorless learning | using heavy, intrusive prompting when beginning to teach a skill so that no errors are made; avoids an error pattern from forming |
| Prompt delay | a way to teach errorlessly; begin with immediate prompt for a # of trials, then move to a 1-sec delay for a # of trials, then a 2-sec delay, etc |
| Least –to-most | a method of prompting where the student is allowed to try a task independently, then the teacher steps in with as little prompting as possible if help in needed |
| Graduated Guidance | an errorless way to prompt a student to learn a new task where full physical guidance is used at first, and prompting is slowly faded as independence is gained. |
| Most-to-least | another term for Graduated Guidance |
| Shaping | reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior until the target is achieved |
| ABC | Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence |
| Antecedent Controls | methods for manipulating the environmental conditions prior to the onset of a behavior, thereby changing the effectiveness of the maintaining consequence (weakening or strengthening its reinforcing effects) |
| Motivating Operation- MO | another term for Antecedent Control |
| Establishing Operation-EO | an antecedent control that works to increase the likelihood that a reinforcer will be effective (make sure the student is hungry if your reinforcer is chips) |
| Abolishing Operation- AO | an antecedent control that works to decrease the likelihood that a reinforcer will be effective (If a child screams for a toy whenever they are in the car, give them that toy PRIOR to getting in the car) |
| Presession | the period of time taken prior to “showtime” in order to deliver the Antecedent Control |
| Differential Reinforcement | the act of proving reinforcement for some predetermined behaviors, while extinguishing others |
| Extinguish | withhold the maintaining variable following a target behavior to weaken and eradicate the behavior over time |
| Extinction burst | a spike in the strength and rate of a target behavior following the start of an extinction treatment |
| DRO - Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior | a target behavior is put on extinction, while all other behaviors are reinforced |
| DRI – Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior | a target behavior is put on extinction, while all other incompatible behaviors are reinforced |
| DRA - Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior | a target behavior is put on extinction, while an alternative target behavior is reinforced |
| Time Sampling | choosing a brief period of time during which data are collected on a target behavior instead of trying to record it all day |
Created by:
JStafford