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ch.15 A-J-1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the child-saving movement and its relationship to the doctrine of parens patriae. | doctrine of parens patriae,state has right duty to care for neglected,delinquene,disadvantaged children. child saving movement, based on the doctrine of parens patriae,started in the 1800s. juvenile offenders require treatment rather than punishment. |
| List the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts. | (a) No juries, (b) different terminology, (c) limited adversarial relationship, and (d) confidentiality. |
| Identify and briefly describe the single most important U.S. Supreme Court case with respect to juvenile justice. | In re Gault, decided by Supreme Court in 1967 minor arrested for make obscene phone call. parents were not notified and not present during juvenile court judge’s decision making process. juveniles entitled many of same due process rights granted to adult |
| Describe the reasoning behind recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions that have lessened the harshness of sentencing outcomes for violent juvenile offenders. | In banning capital punishment limit of life sentences without parole for offenders committ crimes as juveniles,Supreme Court focused on “diminished capacity.”based on notion that violent juvenile offenders cannot fully comprehend the conse-quences of their |
| Explain how law enforcement’s emphasis on domestic violence has influenced female juvenile arrest patterns. | Girls more likely to fight with parents & siblings than boys,physical confrontations involve strangers.police officers take aggressive stand against domestic violence,more likely to arrest female juvenile involve in family disputes now than in the past. |
| Describe the one variable that always correlates highly with juvenile crime rates. | Te older a person is, the less likely he or she will exhibit criminal behavior. Tis process is known as aging out. Tus, persons in any at-risk group will commit fewer crimes as they get older. |
| Indicate some of the reasons why youths join gangs. | Some alienated teenagers join gangs for the social relationships and the sense of identity that gangs can provide. Youths living in highcrime neighborhoods join gangs as a form of protection. Te excitement of belonging to a gang is another reason to join. |
| List the factors that normally determine what police do with juvenile offenders. | (a) the nature of the offense, (b) the youthful offender’s past criminal history, (c) the setting in which the offense took place, (d) whether the parents can take disciplinary action, (e) the attitude of the offender, and (f) the offender’s race and gender |
| Describe the four primary stages of pretrial juvenile justice procedure. | (a) Intake,process determine to do with youthful offender(b) pretrial diversion,probation,treatment &aid, and/or restitution(c)jurisdictional waiver to adult court youth leaves juvenile justice system;(d) detention,youth held disposition process begins. |
| Explain the distinction between an adjudica-tory hearing and a disposition hearing. | “trial.” Defense attorneys may be present during adjudicatory hearing in juvenile court separate disposition hearing similar to sentencing phase in adult court. court, aide by predisposition report, determines sentence serves “needs” of child. |
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quinonesdesirae123