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Anchors to the soil
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Erosion
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Stack #161712
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anchors to the soil | Root from plants and trees |
| Erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another |
| Describe three important benefits that soil provides | Provides mineral and other nutrients for plants and animals get their energy from plants by either eating them or animals that eat plants. Provides a habitat or place to live for animals. Is a water storage for plants. |
| Land degradation (formely called desertification) | Soil damage can lead to soil loss and overused soil that loses nutrients becomes infertile. Overuse is caused by poor farming techniques and overgrazing from animals |
| Which climate has the most productive soil? | Temperate Forest and Grassland climates |
| Temperate climates | An abundance of weathering with enough rain to cause a high level of chemical weathering but not so much. Frequent changes in temperature lead to frost action and this results in thick, fertile soils. |
| Breadbasket | The midwestern part of the United States because of the many crops and the thick, fertile soil |
| What chemical is often left behind in the soil in deserts when ground water gets close to the surface and evaporates | Salt |
| What rate of chemical weathering does a desert have and why? | A low rate of weathering and this means soil is created at a slower rate. This is due to the lack of rain. |
| How much rain does a desert receive per year? | Less than 25 cm |
| Name 2 reasons the tropical rain forest is nutrient poor. | 1.Heavy rain causes leaching from the topsoil to lower layers and the top soil soil is very thin. 2. Lush vegetation has a great demand for nutrients. |
| Tropical Rain Forest Climate (describe) | Very humid and lots of rain all year round. Allow dead plants/animals to decay easily which provides a rich humus to the soild. Nutrient poor. |
| Basic Soil - what is the pH of this soil? | a pH of above 7 |
| Neutral Soil - what is the pH of this soil? | a pH of 7 |
| Acidic Soil - what is the pH of this soil>? | a pH below 7 |
| Topsoil | 1. contains more humus 2. is rich in nutrients 3. the first soil and good for planting |
| Horizons | Layers of soil. First layer - Humus: rich soil (topsoil) Next layers - Sediment Last layer - bedrock (on the bottom) |
| The process of Leaching | Water dissolves and carries nutrients in the topsoil through the horizons. |
| Name two things that provide nutrients to soil. | 1. Parent rock 2. Humus |
| Soil fertility | A soil's ability to hold nutrients and to supply nutrients to a plant |
| Leaching | The removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water. |
| Humus | The dark, organic material formed in soil from decayed remains of plants and animals. |
| Soil structure | Is the arrangement of soil particles |
| What is influenced by water and air movement through soil? | Soil structure |
| Infiltration | The ability of water to move through soil |
| What influences infiltration? | Soil texture |
| What affects soil consistency? | Soil texture |
| Soil texture | Is the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles. |
| What is soil made of? | Different-sized particles |
| Name three things responsible for transporting soil | Wind, water and movement of glaciers |
| Transported soil | Soil blown or washed away from its parent rock |
| Residual soil | Soil that remains above its parent rock |
| Bedrock | The layer of rock beneath the soil |
| Parent rock | A rock formation that is the source of soil |
| Soil | Is a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation. |
| True/False: Weathering occurs faster at high elevations because of an increase in rain, ice and wind. | True |
| True/False: Chemical weathering occurs faster in cold, dry climate | False. It occurs more in warm, humid climates |
| True/False: the more surface area of a rock that is exposed to weathering, the faster the rock will be worn down. | True |
| True/False: Hard rocks weather more slowly thatn softer rocks | True |
| Why do mountaintops weather faster than rocks at sea level? | 1. Exposed to air and water more often. 2. The steepness of the mountain increases the effect of mechanical and chemical weathering due to gravity. 3. Increased surface area on racks. ICE, WIND, RAIN |
| How does the shape of a rock affect weathering? | Large surface and a large volume roc will take longer to wear down. Large surface and small volume rocks will wear down more quickly. Smaller rock will wear faster than all rocks. |
| In what climate is there a greater rate of mechanical weathering? | One that experiences frequent freezes and thaws. |
| What increases the rate of mechanical weathering? | Water |
| In which climate does oxidation happen faster? | When temperatures are higher and when water is present. |
| In which climate is the rate of chemical weathering faster?> | Warm, humid climates |
| Parent rock | A rock formation that is the source of soil |
| Soil | Is a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation. |
| True/False: Weathering occurs faster at high elevations because of an increase in rain, ice and wind. | True |
| True/False: Chemical weathering occurs faster in cold, dry climate | False. It occurs more in warm, humid climates |
| True/False: the more surface area of a rock that is exposed to weathering, the faster the rock will be worn down. | True |
| True/False: Hard rocks weather more slowly thatn softer rocks | True |
| Why do mountaintops weather faster than rocks at sea level? | 1. Exposed to air and water more often. 2. The steepness of the mountain increases the effect of mechanical and chemical weathering due to gravity. 3. Increased surface area on racks. ICE, WIND, RAIN |
| How does the shape of a rock affect weathering? | Large surface and a large volume roc will take longer to wear down. Large surface and small volume rocks will wear down more quickly. Smaller rock will wear faster than all rocks. |
| In what climate is there a greater rate of mechanical weathering? | One that experiences frequent freezes and thaws. |
| What increases the rate of mechanical weathering? | Water |
| In which climate does oxidation happen faster? | When temperatures are higher and when water is present. |
| In which climate is the rate of chemical weathering faster?> | Warm, humid climates |
| Climate | Is the average weather condition in an area over a long period of time |
| Differential weathering | Is the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks behind. |
| Oxidation | A chemical reaction in which an element, such as iron, combines with oxygen to form an oxide. |
| Caused by oxygen in the air reacting with iron on a car | Rust |
| Consist of fungi and algae living together and contribute to chemical weathering | Lichens |
| How are caverns made? | When groundwater contains weak acids such as carbonic or sulfuric acid, such as limestone. When groundwater comes in contact with limestone a chemical reaction occurs and, over time, the dissolving of limestone forms KARST features such as caverns. |
| Agents of mechanical weathering are | ice, gravity, water, plants, animals |
| Weathering | The process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical process |
| Acid precipitation | Rain, sleet,or snow that contains a high concentration of acids |
| What happens whe the acidity is too high in acid precipitation? | It is harmful to plants and animals |
| Mechanical weathering | The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means. |
| Frost action | A form of mechanical weathering |
| Ice wedging | One type of frost action |
| Describe the process of ice wedging | Water seeps into cracks during warm weather and when the temperature drops, water freezes and expand. The ice pushes against the side of the crack and the crack widens. |
| Abrasion | The grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand particles. |
| What other thing can cause abrasion or weathering? | Plants |
| What three things cause abrasion? | 1. water- when rocks and pebblies roll along the bottom of a river they bump and scrape into each othermaking rocks round and smooth. 2. Wind - blows sand and silt against exposed rock and the sand eventually wears away rock surface. 3. gravity - rocks |
| How do animals contribute to weathering? | Mixing and digging. |
| List three animals that can cause weathering | Earthworms, rabbits and ants |
| Chemical weathering | The process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions. |
| List the three steps of chemical weathering of granite. | Rain, weak acids and air chemically weather granite. The bonds between mineral grains weaken as weathering proceeds. Then, when the granite is weathered, it makes sand and clay, also called sediment. |
| Which of the following soil properties influences how nutrients can be dissolved in soil?> | a. Soil horizon b. soil fertility c. soil structure d. soil pH |
| Which of the following properties influences soil moisture? | a. soil texture b. soil fertility c. soil structure d. soil pH |
| When is parent rock the same as bedrock? | find the answer in your book |
| What is the difference between residual and transported rock? | find the answer in your book |
| How does soild temperature influence artic soil? | find the answer in your book |
Created by:
pantergirl97