Question 1

In 1997, a revised funding model for Exceptional Student Education was established and is known as:
a) mental health treatment and services
b)School Medicaid Match
c)Matrix Services
d) School Readiness Program

Accepted Answer

Matrix of Services.

Question 2

Jan, a third grader, has difficulty sitting still, never waits for her turn, and is constantly interrupting others. She is displaying characteristics of:
a)impulsivity
b)inattention
c)hyperactivity
d)hyperactivity-impulsivity

Accepted Answer

hyperactive-impulsive. Hyperactive( having difficult time remaining seated); impulsivity (difficulty waiting her turn and interrupts others)

Question 3

Assessments that give us idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as:
a)diagnostic assessments
b)curriculum-based measurement
c)progress monitoring
d)norm-based assessments

Accepted Answer

Norm-based Assessments.This assessment compares  the performance of other students of same age or in the same grade.

Question 4

Parents being fully notified in their native language of all educational activities to be conducted during a nondiscriminatory evaluation of their child is called:
a)Procedural safeguard
b)parent consent
c)informed consent
d)eligibility determination

Accepted Answer

Informed consent requires that a parent be fully informed of all educational activities to be conducted and that information is provided in the native language or mode of communication.

Question 5

Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test at the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words. This type of assessment is considered a:
a)criterion-related assessment
b)criterion-referenced assessment
c)curriculum-based assessment

Accepted Answer

Curriculum-based assessment, such as chapter tests, are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum. Other choices are incorrect as these tests and measures are either not specific to the curriculum

Question 6

Ms. C is preparing a lesson on how to find the areas of a rectangle. Before beginning the lesson she gave her students a multiplication probe and discovered that almost half the class was still having problems with mult facts.

Accepted Answer

Set up a tutoring program in which students who knew their facts are paired with students who do not: pairs practice facts for 10 mins a day for a week.

Question 7

When focusing on comprehension, if  students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy known as
a)question generating
b)clarifying
c)scaffolding
d)modeling

Accepted Answer

When clarifying, students look for words and concepts they do not understand.

Question 8

What approach to instructions is extending the concept of language experience throughout the grades by immersing students in reading, writing, talking, listening and viewing activities?
a)language-experience
b)basal reading apprch
c)ILAP
d)Lit-based

Accepted Answer

ILAA: Integrated language arts approach. (Lang-exp Apprch-uses language to communicate) Basal reading, uses reading a lesson or story. Lit focuses on meaning, interest and enjoyment.

Question 9

It is important that you, as a classroom teacher, provide effective reading instruction and support to all your students, including those who struggle with reading. Which is NOT a feature of effective reading instruction?

Accepted Answer

Collaborating with the reading specialist/special Ed teacher is the answer. C is important, screening, assessing, monitoring, and providing intensive instruction, &early intervention is directly connected to teaching Instruction.

Question 10

Strategic competence is an aspect of mathematical proficiency. Of the following, choose the phrase that best describes strategic competence?

Accepted Answer

The ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems is the correct answer.

Question 11

Fol the teaching practice as it was provided in the research is called?
a)instructional accomm
b)differentiated Inst
c)Treatment fidelity
d)Inst Mod

Accepted Answer

Treatment Fidelity is the correct answer. Instr Accom are supports given to help students gain full access to classroom content. Differentiated & Instr Mods are strategies to meet students needs.

Question 12

What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format?
a)to allow students to practice known skills.
b)to learn new skills
c)to have students assist ea other
d)have students work colloboratively

Accepted Answer

The purpose of using independent learning as a group format is to allow students to practice a skill they already know.  Other options do not give this option.

Question 13

Mrs. R. is a 4th Gd. teacher. She is resistant in making accommodations because she believes that all students should receive the same assignments. What dilemma is illustrated by Mrs. R. 
a)Indiv vs. class focus
b)content vs. acomm
c)real wrld V, S.W

Accepted Answer

The dilemma here is New roles for special education teachers. The special Ed Teacher must inform GenEd Teachers of how collaboration can help students with disabilities.

Question 14

Which is NOT a method included in a functional behavior assessment (FBA)
a)record view
b)interviews
c)direct observation
d)number of absences

Accepted Answer

The number of absences are included in the initial screening and therefore is not part of the Functional Behavior Assessment.

Question 15

Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the student and a more collaborative role from the teacher
a)self-monitoring
b)self-management
c)self-control
d)Conflict Resolution

Accepted Answer

Self-management allows student to govern the reinforcers for their behaviors. Opt A makes students become aware of own behavior. Opt C and D are strategies to help control behavior.

Question 16

When students are taught to monitor their own behavior, make judgment about its appropriateness, & changes it as needed, they are implementing
a)positive reinforcement
b)extinction
c)behavioral contract
d) Cognitve beh managment strategies

Accepted Answer

A cognitive behavior management strategy helps students to manage their own classroom conduct and social behavior. Opt A: is responding to a behavior with a consequence. OPT B: decreasing negative behavior by stoping reinforcement. OPT C: is a contract

Question 17

Event recording should be used when the target behavior:
a)is long in duration
b)is continuous
c)is discrete and uniform in duration
d)rarely occurs

Accepted Answer

Event recording is discrete and uniform in duration. All other choices describe behaviors that could not be measured by event or frequency recording.

Question 18

What is the objective of all behavior change?
a)increase instructional time in the classroom
b)all students learning in a safe and peaceful env.
c)benefit student's self-discipline and control
d)increase test score &district rating

Accepted Answer

The objective of the behavior change is to help students gain self-discipline and self-control of their own actions.

Question 19

What is NOT a quality of effective universal screening measures?
a)accuracy
b)length
c)practicality
d)ease of administration

Accepted Answer

Length is not a quality of effective universal screening measures. Effective universal screening measures are brief. All other options listed are all effective universal screening measures.

Question 20

Researcher who have studied children's acqud of English grammatical morphemes have found that
a)there is great indiv. variation across children
b)order of acq is deter. by freq 
c)all 14 morph are mastered early
d)morph acq. in same order

Accepted Answer

The answer is D. Research indicates that children learning English, master the  grammatical morphemes in a particular order, predictable not on the basis of frequency of exposure, but on linguistic complexity.

Question 21

Which of the following best practices would be most beneficial for a middle school student struggling with fluency?
a)Fluency Development Lesson
b)support reading strategy
c)cross-age reading
d)oral recitation

Accepted Answer

Cross-age reading provides readers with a lesson cycle that includes modeling by the teacher, discus the text, supplying opportunities for practicing reading the text, and reading the text to younger children. Other options r beter practice for elemt.

Question 22

SQ of inst. teach the letr names, teach the sound or sounds, drill on the ltr sound relat. until recog, teach blending and apply blending to other words. What phonics intr is Teacher using?
a)synthetic
b)analytic
c)implicit
d)linguistic

Accepted Answer

Synthetic refers to a part-to-whole phonics approach. Analytic and Implicit refer to whole-to-part. Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular patterns.

Question 23

If a student decodes words through regular letter patterns such as dish, fish, wish, swish, which phonics instructions is the teacher using?
a)synthetic
b)linguistic
c)implicit
d)analytic

Accepted Answer

Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular letter patterns.

Question 24

Jimmy is a 7 yr old who often has difficulty comm about objs that are not in his immediate environment. when describ a weekend, he could not find the words for roller coaster. What  Lang prblms does he have?
a)syntax
b)phonlogy
c)morp
d)Semantics

Accepted Answer

Semantics is the aspect of language where he is having problems with. He is trying to find the exact word that is associated with "Ferris Wheel". He sounds out the word (B and C) and describes the Ferris Wheel (A).

Question 25

Sandra is a third grader who often uses nonspecific words (e.g. thing, stuff) for specific words. Sandra has 
a)word finding problem
b)phonological deficit
c)receptive language delay
d)pragmatic deficit

Accepted Answer

Sandra is having difficulty finding the specific words. B, C, and D are incorrect because Sandra does not have problems producing sounds or understanding word meaning.

Question 26

When you convince students that their failures are due to lack of effort rather than ability, you are enhancing their self-image by utilizing
a)social skills
b)academic survival
c)attribution retrain
d)self-control

Accepted Answer

Attribution retraining will enable students to become more persistent and allow them to improve their performance in difficult situations.

Question 27

Self-determ is one of the most important skills for students with disa. who wish to pursue post secondary edu. Which attribute wld not be a factor in succeeding in higher ed.
a)self-awareness
b)seting realistic goal
c)self-advoca 
d)academic prep

Accepted Answer

Student increases self-awareness by investigating his disability is the beginning stage of career development and should begin at elementary.

Question 28

Identify the special edu. who helps prepare students with disabilities for post-school activities including employment, vocational training and higher educ.
a)ESE teacher
b)principal
c)guidance counselor
d)transition specialist

Accepted Answer

The transition specialist works to prepare individuals with disabilities for post-school outcomes.

Question 29

The phase of career development that occurs during the final years of high school is
a)preparation
b)awareness
c)exploration
d)placement

Accepted Answer

Placement occurs during the final years of high school. Prep and Awareness begins in Elementary. Exploration begins in middle school

Question 30

The ultimate goal for young adult with disa. is be competitively employed. Which is NOT a key character to increase successful employment
a)curriculm functional skills
b)interpersonal skills
c)unpaid volunteer 
d)prepare students through career educ

Accepted Answer

Preparing students with disabilities through career educ at the high school is vital for job opportunities for individual with disabilities.

Question 31

The determining factor for whether a student succeeds or fails in obtaining and maintaining competitive employment is 
a) the type of job secured
b) parent support
c) extent of disa
d) community-based instr.

Accepted Answer

Parents have a significant impact on numerous factors related to future productivity. Other options are important but parent involvement is significantly higher.

Question 32

The fol words all describe an IEP objective, EXCEPT
a)specific
b)Observable
c)Measurable
d) Criterion-referenced

Accepted Answer

d)Criterion-referenced because an IEP objective must be specific, observable and measurable.

Question 33

A student cannot be expelled for misconduct that is manifestation of the handicap itself is not limited to stds with r "seriously emotion disturb". Which reason Does Not explain this

Accepted Answer

D) Putting these students out of school will just leave them on the streets to commit crimes. Emphasis on Indv Eval, Cond problems and needs of handicapped and right to FAPE are all concepts to consider for studs with disa.

Question 34

IDEA 97 changed IDEA by requiring
a)IEPs to be electronic format
b)Requiring all staff working with student to have assess to the IEP
c) allowing past assements
d)BIPs for many students with FBA's

Accepted Answer

d. BIPs for many students with FBAs.  IDEA 97 created a mandate to provide interventions to change inappropriate behaviors to help students avoid the consequences of repeating the behavior.

Question 35

What legislation started the FAPE?
a)Section 504
b)EHCA
c)IDEA
d)Educ Amend 1974

Accepted Answer

The legislation that started the FAPE was Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

Question 36

A person that has a learning disability has
a)An IQ two std dev below normal
b)Congenial Abnormalities
c)is limited by Ed Environ.
c)Has a disorder in one of the basic psychological processes

Accepted Answer

Has a disorder in one of the basic psychological processes. "learning disability" begins: a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological process with understanding or using lang. spoken or written

Question 37

IDEA 2004 changed the IEP by
a)Not Req Short Term Obj.
b)Req inclusive Acty
c)Req parent to participate in CSE
d)Estab new criteria to be class as Learning Disabled

Accepted Answer

Not requiring short-term objectives. Until IDEA 2004, short term goals/objectives needed to e in place to see progress towards goals.

Question 38

A review of a student's eligibility for an exceptional student program must be done:
a)every 3 yrs
b)annually
c)only when major chances occur
d. When student transfers to a new school

Accepted Answer

Once every 3 years. reauth of IDEA 2004 requires reevaluation must occur at least once every three years.

Question 39

Lack of regular folup, diff in transporting materials, & lack of consistent spt who need assit re disadvantage of 
a)Regular classroom
b)Consultant with regular T
c)Itinerant
d)resource room

Accepted Answer

The Itinerant model is not regular and requires the specialist to move from school to school which possess all disadvantages stated in question.

Question 40

Which is not considered as a valid attempt to contact parent for an IEP meeting

Accepted Answer

Leaving a message on an answering machine does not constitute contact with parent.

Question 41

Guidelines for an Indv. Family Service Plan (IFSP) would be described in which legislation

Accepted Answer

PL. 99-457, 1986, is a revision of the Edu. for all Handicapped Children and extended services to 3-5 and families. 101-476 reauth of IDEA & renaming of EHA), P.L. 94 - 142, Educ 4 all Handicap chil & provides FAPE, ADA is antidiscrim legis. of 1990

Question 42

Which of these characteristics is NOT included in PL 94-142 definition of emotional disturbance.

Accepted Answer

Social maladjustment manifested in a number of setting is not considered a disability. (General pervasive mood, unhappy or depressed, develop physical symptoms pain, fear , inability to learn that is not caused by intellec, sensory or health factors)

Question 43

According to IDEA a child whose disability is related to being deal and blind may not be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Multiply Disabled. The only stated area where deal-blindness is not accepted is in the Multiple Disability. There is separate category for deal-blind.

Question 44

Poor moral development, lack of empathy, and behavioral excesses, such as aggression, are the most obvious characteristics of

Accepted Answer

Conduct disorder. A student with conduct disorder or social maladjustment displays behaviors/values that are in conflict with school, home or community. Autism, ADHD and Pervasive Devlop Dis are social/behavioral

Question 45

School refusal, OCD, psychosis and separation anxiety are also frequently accompanied by

Accepted Answer

Depression. Depression is one component of many psychological disorder and diagnosis of these other disorders must address the possibility of depression.

Question 46

Which of these is listed as only a minor scale on the Behavior Problem Checklist?

Accepted Answer

Motor excess. This has to do with over activity  or hyperactivity in physical movement.

Question 47

Which of these explanations would NOT likely account for the lack of a clear definition of behavior disorders?

Accepted Answer

The numerous types of manifestation of behavior disorders. (Problems with measurement, cultural&/or social influences & views of what is acceptable, Differing theories that use own terminology and def all lack clear definition)

Question 48

The exhibition of two or more types of problem behaviors across different areas of functioning is known as

Accepted Answer

Clustering. Children with behavior disorders sometimes do not display a single behavior. They usually display a range of behaviors which are usually clustered together.

Question 49

Truancy, gang membership, and felling of pride in belonging to a delinquent subculture are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

Social aggression. The student is acting out by using aggression which gives him a sense of belonging.

Question 50

Which behavior disorder is difficult to diagnose in children because the symptoms are manifested quite differently than in adults

Accepted Answer

Depression. Children are less adept to verbalize feelings so they may express depression in their behavior. It maybe overlooked as moodiness, lack of motivation, or a stage.

Question 51

The National Reading Panel Report (2000) reviewed research showing that direct instruction in vocabulary is essential, and that

Accepted Answer

Using a variety of methods and approaches is far more effective that dependence upon a single approach to instruction.

Question 52

The Premack Principle of increasing the performance of a less-preferred activity by immediately following it with a highly-preferred activity is the basis of:

Accepted Answer

Contingency contracting. It is an unwritten contract, where the student completes the less desirable activity to obtain the reward of the more desirable activity.

Question 53

Which type of grouping arrangement would be MOST effective for teaching basic academic skills such as math facts or reading?

Accepted Answer

Small group instruction consisting of 5 to 7 students. This is effective for students with learning problems.

Question 54

If the arrangement in a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is 3, when will the student receive the reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

After every third correct response in a row. A fixed ratio, produces a steady, efficient production of responses with only a slight pause after reinforcement.

Question 55

Laura is beginning to raise her hand first instead of talking out. An effective schedule of reinforcement should be

Accepted Answer

The reinforcement should be continuous as she is in the beginning stages of raising her hand before talking out.

Question 56

Laura continues to raise her hand to speak, the teacher would want to change to this schedule of reinforcement in order to wean her from the reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Fixed. Because this reinforcement produces a high, steady rate of responding to solidify new habits and resist extinction.

Question 57

Laura has demonstrated that she has mastered the goal of raising hand to speak; reinforcement during the maintenance phase should be:

Accepted Answer

Intermittent as the behavior is not established and needs only minimum reward periodically for maintenance.

Question 58

At the beginning of the school year, Annette had a problem with being late for class. Her teacher reinforced her each time she was in her seat when the bell rang. In October, her teacher decided to reward her every other day that she was not tardy.

Accepted Answer

This reinforcement schedule is a fixed interval since it is done every other day which is appropriate for making the transition to maintenance.

Question 59

To facilitate learning instructional objectives:

Accepted Answer

They should be arranged in order of similarity. 
Objectives involving similar responses should be closely sequenced. In all cases, objectives that are prerequisites for success in other obj must be taught first.

Question 60

Teacher modeling, student-teacher dialogues, and peer interactions re part of which teaching tech designed to provide support during the initial stages of instruction?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding provides support to assist in the EARLY stages of new learning.

Question 61

What is NOT a goal of collaborative consultation?

Accepted Answer

To Function as an ESE service model because all other options have the student's academic in mind.

Question 62

Knowledge of the evaluation strategies, program intervention, and types of data are examples of which variable for a successful consultation program?

Accepted Answer

Consultation programs cannot be successful without knowledge of the PROCESS.

Question 63

Skills as an administrator and background in client, consul-tor, and consultation skills are examples of which variable in a successful consultation program?

Accepted Answer

People. Consultation programs cannot be successful with people skills.

Question 64

The ability to identify peoples, generate solutions, and knowledge of theoretical perspective of consultation are examples of which variable in a successful consultation program?

Accepted Answer

Procedural implementation. Consultation programs cannot be successful without implementation skills.

Question	Answer
In 1997, a revised funding model for Exceptional Student Education was established and is known as: a) mental health treatment and services b)School Medicaid Match c)Matrix Services d) School Readiness Program	Matrix of Services.
Jan, a third grader, has difficulty sitting still, never waits for her turn, and is constantly interrupting others. She is displaying characteristics of: a)impulsivity b)inattention c)hyperactivity d)hyperactivity-impulsivity	hyperactive-impulsive. Hyperactive( having difficult time remaining seated); impulsivity (difficulty waiting her turn and interrupts others)
Assessments that give us idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as: a)diagnostic assessments b)curriculum-based measurement c)progress monitoring d)norm-based assessments	Norm-based Assessments.This assessment compares the performance of other students of same age or in the same grade.
Parents being fully notified in their native language of all educational activities to be conducted during a nondiscriminatory evaluation of their child is called: a)Procedural safeguard b)parent consent c)informed consent d)eligibility determination	Informed consent requires that a parent be fully informed of all educational activities to be conducted and that information is provided in the native language or mode of communication.
Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test at the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words. This type of assessment is considered a: a)criterion-related assessment b)criterion-referenced assessment c)curriculum-based assessment	Curriculum-based assessment, such as chapter tests, are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum. Other choices are incorrect as these tests and measures are either not specific to the curriculum
Ms. C is preparing a lesson on how to find the areas of a rectangle. Before beginning the lesson she gave her students a multiplication probe and discovered that almost half the class was still having problems with mult facts.	Set up a tutoring program in which students who knew their facts are paired with students who do not: pairs practice facts for 10 mins a day for a week.
When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy known as a)question generating b)clarifying c)scaffolding d)modeling	When clarifying, students look for words and concepts they do not understand.
What approach to instructions is extending the concept of language experience throughout the grades by immersing students in reading, writing, talking, listening and viewing activities? a)language-experience b)basal reading apprch c)ILAP d)Lit-based	ILAA: Integrated language arts approach. (Lang-exp Apprch-uses language to communicate) Basal reading, uses reading a lesson or story. Lit focuses on meaning, interest and enjoyment.
It is important that you, as a classroom teacher, provide effective reading instruction and support to all your students, including those who struggle with reading. Which is NOT a feature of effective reading instruction?	Collaborating with the reading specialist/special Ed teacher is the answer. C is important, screening, assessing, monitoring, and providing intensive instruction, &early intervention is directly connected to teaching Instruction.
Strategic competence is an aspect of mathematical proficiency. Of the following, choose the phrase that best describes strategic competence?	The ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems is the correct answer.
Fol the teaching practice as it was provided in the research is called? a)instructional accomm b)differentiated Inst c)Treatment fidelity d)Inst Mod	Treatment Fidelity is the correct answer. Instr Accom are supports given to help students gain full access to classroom content. Differentiated & Instr Mods are strategies to meet students needs.
What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format? a)to allow students to practice known skills. b)to learn new skills c)to have students assist ea other d)have students work colloboratively	The purpose of using independent learning as a group format is to allow students to practice a skill they already know. Other options do not give this option.
Mrs. R. is a 4th Gd. teacher. She is resistant in making accommodations because she believes that all students should receive the same assignments. What dilemma is illustrated by Mrs. R. a)Indiv vs. class focus b)content vs. acomm c)real wrld V, S.W	The dilemma here is New roles for special education teachers. The special Ed Teacher must inform GenEd Teachers of how collaboration can help students with disabilities.
Which is NOT a method included in a functional behavior assessment (FBA) a)record view b)interviews c)direct observation d)number of absences	The number of absences are included in the initial screening and therefore is not part of the Functional Behavior Assessment.
Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the student and a more collaborative role from the teacher a)self-monitoring b)self-management c)self-control d)Conflict Resolution	Self-management allows student to govern the reinforcers for their behaviors. Opt A makes students become aware of own behavior. Opt C and D are strategies to help control behavior.
When students are taught to monitor their own behavior, make judgment about its appropriateness, & changes it as needed, they are implementing a)positive reinforcement b)extinction c)behavioral contract d) Cognitve beh managment strategies	A cognitive behavior management strategy helps students to manage their own classroom conduct and social behavior. Opt A: is responding to a behavior with a consequence. OPT B: decreasing negative behavior by stoping reinforcement. OPT C: is a contract
Event recording should be used when the target behavior: a)is long in duration b)is continuous c)is discrete and uniform in duration d)rarely occurs	Event recording is discrete and uniform in duration. All other choices describe behaviors that could not be measured by event or frequency recording.
What is the objective of all behavior change? a)increase instructional time in the classroom b)all students learning in a safe and peaceful env. c)benefit student's self-discipline and control d)increase test score &district rating	The objective of the behavior change is to help students gain self-discipline and self-control of their own actions.
What is NOT a quality of effective universal screening measures? a)accuracy b)length c)practicality d)ease of administration	Length is not a quality of effective universal screening measures. Effective universal screening measures are brief. All other options listed are all effective universal screening measures.
Researcher who have studied children's acqud of English grammatical morphemes have found that a)there is great indiv. variation across children b)order of acq is deter. by freq c)all 14 morph are mastered early d)morph acq. in same order	The answer is D. Research indicates that children learning English, master the grammatical morphemes in a particular order, predictable not on the basis of frequency of exposure, but on linguistic complexity.
Which of the following best practices would be most beneficial for a middle school student struggling with fluency? a)Fluency Development Lesson b)support reading strategy c)cross-age reading d)oral recitation	Cross-age reading provides readers with a lesson cycle that includes modeling by the teacher, discus the text, supplying opportunities for practicing reading the text, and reading the text to younger children. Other options r beter practice for elemt.
SQ of inst. teach the letr names, teach the sound or sounds, drill on the ltr sound relat. until recog, teach blending and apply blending to other words. What phonics intr is Teacher using? a)synthetic b)analytic c)implicit d)linguistic	Synthetic refers to a part-to-whole phonics approach. Analytic and Implicit refer to whole-to-part. Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular patterns.
If a student decodes words through regular letter patterns such as dish, fish, wish, swish, which phonics instructions is the teacher using? a)synthetic b)linguistic c)implicit d)analytic	Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular letter patterns.
Jimmy is a 7 yr old who often has difficulty comm about objs that are not in his immediate environment. when describ a weekend, he could not find the words for roller coaster. What Lang prblms does he have? a)syntax b)phonlogy c)morp d)Semantics	Semantics is the aspect of language where he is having problems with. He is trying to find the exact word that is associated with "Ferris Wheel". He sounds out the word (B and C) and describes the Ferris Wheel (A).
Sandra is a third grader who often uses nonspecific words (e.g. thing, stuff) for specific words. Sandra has a)word finding problem b)phonological deficit c)receptive language delay d)pragmatic deficit	Sandra is having difficulty finding the specific words. B, C, and D are incorrect because Sandra does not have problems producing sounds or understanding word meaning.
When you convince students that their failures are due to lack of effort rather than ability, you are enhancing their self-image by utilizing a)social skills b)academic survival c)attribution retrain d)self-control	Attribution retraining will enable students to become more persistent and allow them to improve their performance in difficult situations.
Self-determ is one of the most important skills for students with disa. who wish to pursue post secondary edu. Which attribute wld not be a factor in succeeding in higher ed. a)self-awareness b)seting realistic goal c)self-advoca d)academic prep	Student increases self-awareness by investigating his disability is the beginning stage of career development and should begin at elementary.
Identify the special edu. who helps prepare students with disabilities for post-school activities including employment, vocational training and higher educ. a)ESE teacher b)principal c)guidance counselor d)transition specialist	The transition specialist works to prepare individuals with disabilities for post-school outcomes.
The phase of career development that occurs during the final years of high school is a)preparation b)awareness c)exploration d)placement	Placement occurs during the final years of high school. Prep and Awareness begins in Elementary. Exploration begins in middle school
The ultimate goal for young adult with disa. is be competitively employed. Which is NOT a key character to increase successful employment a)curriculm functional skills b)interpersonal skills c)unpaid volunteer d)prepare students through career educ	Preparing students with disabilities through career educ at the high school is vital for job opportunities for individual with disabilities.
The determining factor for whether a student succeeds or fails in obtaining and maintaining competitive employment is a) the type of job secured b) parent support c) extent of disa d) community-based instr.	Parents have a significant impact on numerous factors related to future productivity. Other options are important but parent involvement is significantly higher.
The fol words all describe an IEP objective, EXCEPT a)specific b)Observable c)Measurable d) Criterion-referenced	d)Criterion-referenced because an IEP objective must be specific, observable and measurable.
A student cannot be expelled for misconduct that is manifestation of the handicap itself is not limited to stds with r "seriously emotion disturb". Which reason Does Not explain this	D) Putting these students out of school will just leave them on the streets to commit crimes. Emphasis on Indv Eval, Cond problems and needs of handicapped and right to FAPE are all concepts to consider for studs with disa.
IDEA 97 changed IDEA by requiring a)IEPs to be electronic format b)Requiring all staff working with student to have assess to the IEP c) allowing past assements d)BIPs for many students with FBA's	d. BIPs for many students with FBAs. IDEA 97 created a mandate to provide interventions to change inappropriate behaviors to help students avoid the consequences of repeating the behavior.
What legislation started the FAPE? a)Section 504 b)EHCA c)IDEA d)Educ Amend 1974	The legislation that started the FAPE was Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
A person that has a learning disability has a)An IQ two std dev below normal b)Congenial Abnormalities c)is limited by Ed Environ. c)Has a disorder in one of the basic psychological processes	Has a disorder in one of the basic psychological processes. "learning disability" begins: a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological process with understanding or using lang. spoken or written
IDEA 2004 changed the IEP by a)Not Req Short Term Obj. b)Req inclusive Acty c)Req parent to participate in CSE d)Estab new criteria to be class as Learning Disabled	Not requiring short-term objectives. Until IDEA 2004, short term goals/objectives needed to e in place to see progress towards goals.
A review of a student's eligibility for an exceptional student program must be done: a)every 3 yrs b)annually c)only when major chances occur d. When student transfers to a new school	Once every 3 years. reauth of IDEA 2004 requires reevaluation must occur at least once every three years.
Lack of regular folup, diff in transporting materials, & lack of consistent spt who need assit re disadvantage of a)Regular classroom b)Consultant with regular T c)Itinerant d)resource room	The Itinerant model is not regular and requires the specialist to move from school to school which possess all disadvantages stated in question.
Which is not considered as a valid attempt to contact parent for an IEP meeting	Leaving a message on an answering machine does not constitute contact with parent.
Guidelines for an Indv. Family Service Plan (IFSP) would be described in which legislation	PL. 99-457, 1986, is a revision of the Edu. for all Handicapped Children and extended services to 3-5 and families. 101-476 reauth of IDEA & renaming of EHA), P.L. 94 - 142, Educ 4 all Handicap chil & provides FAPE, ADA is antidiscrim legis. of 1990
Which of these characteristics is NOT included in PL 94-142 definition of emotional disturbance.	Social maladjustment manifested in a number of setting is not considered a disability. (General pervasive mood, unhappy or depressed, develop physical symptoms pain, fear , inability to learn that is not caused by intellec, sensory or health factors)
According to IDEA a child whose disability is related to being deal and blind may not be classified as:	Multiply Disabled. The only stated area where deal-blindness is not accepted is in the Multiple Disability. There is separate category for deal-blind.
Poor moral development, lack of empathy, and behavioral excesses, such as aggression, are the most obvious characteristics of	Conduct disorder. A student with conduct disorder or social maladjustment displays behaviors/values that are in conflict with school, home or community. Autism, ADHD and Pervasive Devlop Dis are social/behavioral
School refusal, OCD, psychosis and separation anxiety are also frequently accompanied by	Depression. Depression is one component of many psychological disorder and diagnosis of these other disorders must address the possibility of depression.
Which of these is listed as only a minor scale on the Behavior Problem Checklist?	Motor excess. This has to do with over activity or hyperactivity in physical movement.
Which of these explanations would NOT likely account for the lack of a clear definition of behavior disorders?	The numerous types of manifestation of behavior disorders. (Problems with measurement, cultural&/or social influences & views of what is acceptable, Differing theories that use own terminology and def all lack clear definition)
The exhibition of two or more types of problem behaviors across different areas of functioning is known as	Clustering. Children with behavior disorders sometimes do not display a single behavior. They usually display a range of behaviors which are usually clustered together.
Truancy, gang membership, and felling of pride in belonging to a delinquent subculture are indicative of:	Social aggression. The student is acting out by using aggression which gives him a sense of belonging.
Which behavior disorder is difficult to diagnose in children because the symptoms are manifested quite differently than in adults	Depression. Children are less adept to verbalize feelings so they may express depression in their behavior. It maybe overlooked as moodiness, lack of motivation, or a stage.
The National Reading Panel Report (2000) reviewed research showing that direct instruction in vocabulary is essential, and that	Using a variety of methods and approaches is far more effective that dependence upon a single approach to instruction.
The Premack Principle of increasing the performance of a less-preferred activity by immediately following it with a highly-preferred activity is the basis of:	Contingency contracting. It is an unwritten contract, where the student completes the less desirable activity to obtain the reward of the more desirable activity.
Which type of grouping arrangement would be MOST effective for teaching basic academic skills such as math facts or reading?	Small group instruction consisting of 5 to 7 students. This is effective for students with learning problems.
If the arrangement in a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is 3, when will the student receive the reinforcer?	After every third correct response in a row. A fixed ratio, produces a steady, efficient production of responses with only a slight pause after reinforcement.
Laura is beginning to raise her hand first instead of talking out. An effective schedule of reinforcement should be	The reinforcement should be continuous as she is in the beginning stages of raising her hand before talking out.
Laura continues to raise her hand to speak, the teacher would want to change to this schedule of reinforcement in order to wean her from the reinforcement	Fixed. Because this reinforcement produces a high, steady rate of responding to solidify new habits and resist extinction.
Laura has demonstrated that she has mastered the goal of raising hand to speak; reinforcement during the maintenance phase should be:	Intermittent as the behavior is not established and needs only minimum reward periodically for maintenance.
At the beginning of the school year, Annette had a problem with being late for class. Her teacher reinforced her each time she was in her seat when the bell rang. In October, her teacher decided to reward her every other day that she was not tardy.	This reinforcement schedule is a fixed interval since it is done every other day which is appropriate for making the transition to maintenance.
To facilitate learning instructional objectives:	They should be arranged in order of similarity. Objectives involving similar responses should be closely sequenced. In all cases, objectives that are prerequisites for success in other obj must be taught first.
Teacher modeling, student-teacher dialogues, and peer interactions re part of which teaching tech designed to provide support during the initial stages of instruction?	Scaffolding provides support to assist in the EARLY stages of new learning.
What is NOT a goal of collaborative consultation?	To Function as an ESE service model because all other options have the student's academic in mind.
Knowledge of the evaluation strategies, program intervention, and types of data are examples of which variable for a successful consultation program?	Consultation programs cannot be successful without knowledge of the PROCESS.
Skills as an administrator and background in client, consul-tor, and consultation skills are examples of which variable in a successful consultation program?	People. Consultation programs cannot be successful with people skills.
The ability to identify peoples, generate solutions, and knowledge of theoretical perspective of consultation are examples of which variable in a successful consultation program?	Procedural implementation. Consultation programs cannot be successful without implementation skills.
A serious hindrance to successful mainstreaming is:	A lack of communication among teachers.Lack of adapted materials, lack of funding, lack of administration support all hindrance to mainstreaming but lack of comm is more serious.
If you are having continual difficulty with your classroom assistant, A good strategy to address this problem would be:	To write a clearly-established role plan to discuss.If you are having problems it most likely over an issue or issues that have happened recently. Establish clear roles bwtn the two of you will prevent problems and serves as proof to administrators.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four interrelated components of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBS)	PBS is IDEA's preferred strategy for handling challenging behaviors of students with disabilities. (PBS 4 components: system change acty, environmental alterations, skill inst., & behavioral consequences. Support Provision Acty is not part of PBS.
Examples of behaviors that re appropriate to be monitored by measuring duration include all Except	Hitting because it takes place in an instant. This behavior should be measured by frequency
Examples of behaviors that are appropriate to be monitored by measuring frequency include all Except	Off task behavior is relevant to learning because it reduces time on task or engaged time, therefore, it should be measured by DURATION because time is important. (teasing, talking out, being late is measured by frequency)
Criteria for choosing behaviors to measure by frequency include all but those that	Last a long time. We use frequency to measure behaviors that do not have a long time, but do have observable beginnings, are short, & occur often.
Mr. J. wants to design an intervention for reducing Jason's sarcastic remarks. He wants to find out who or what is reinforcing Jason's remarks, so he records data on Jason's behavior, as well as the attending behavior of his peers. This is an example of:	Collecting data on Reciprocal behaviors. Jason's peers behaviors are in response to Jason's disruptive behaviors. His behavior is related to theirs, thus reciprocal.
Statements like "Daren is lazy", are not helpful in describing his behavior FOR ALL BUT which reasons?	Daren is lazy, is a label not a behavior. the statement can be applied in different ways and is not observable nor measurable. The answer: Darren's behavior will manifest itself clearly enough without written descrip. does not describe his behavior.
Marcie often is not in her seat when the bell rings. She maybe found at the pencil sharpener, throwing paper away, or fumbling through her notebook. Which statement can pinpoint her behavior?	Is not in seat when the late bell rings. Is tardy, is out of seat, is disorganized, all describe the behavior but, Is not in seat when late bell rings is more precise.
Criteria for choosing behaviors that in the most need of change involve ALL BUT the following:	Are behaviors that affect the student, such as observations across setting, analyzing the environment reinforcers,pinpointing the behavior that is poorest fit in student's environ. Teachers personal concern and interpretations is not as important.
Mr. B's finds that his chosen consequence does not seem to be having the desired effect of reducing the target misbehavior. Which of these would LEAST Likely account for Mr. B's lack of success with the consequence?	The intervent had not previously been shown to be effective in studies. (inconsistency applying consequence, the conseq was bad to Mr B but not the students, Students were not developmentaly ready to make the connection, that can wrk in the classrm
Ricky, 3rd grade student, runs of the classroom and onto the roof of the school. He paces around the roof, looks around to see who is watching, and laughs at people on the ground. What should the teacher do?	Notify the crisis teacher and arrange to have someone monitor Ricky. The teacher cannot be responsible for his/her class. he/she must pass the responsibilities to the appropriate person.
According to IDEA 2004, a FBA must be:	Functional Behavior Assessments should be written and reviewed as a team. This approach is the most effective for improving student behavior.
Which is the LEAST effective of reinforcers in programs for mildly to moderately handicapped learners?	Food is the least effective reinforcers for mildly to moderately handicapped learners because food may have reached satiation.
Teacher feedback, task completion, and a sense of pride over mastery or accomplishment of a skill are examples of:	Intrinsic reinforcers because these are intangible.
Token systems are popular for all these advantages EXCEPT:	Rewards are easy to maintain is not a valid reason for developing a token system.
Skilled readers use all EXCEPT which one of these knowledge sources to construct meanings beyond the literal text?	Student is skilled in Morphology and therefore do not use to construct meaning. (Text, Syntactic and Semantic knowledge is needed to help students develop meaning beyond the literal text)
Indirect requests and attempts to influence or control others through one's use of language is an example of:	Pragmatics because it involved the way that language is used to communicate and interact with others. It is often used to control the actions and attitudes of people.
Kenny has problems comprehending analogies, using comparative, spatial and temporal words and multiple meanings. Language intervention would focus on:	Semantics as this relates to words and sentence meanings. Semantics tests measure receptive and expressive vocabulary skills.
Celia, a first grader, asks "Where are my ball"?She also has problems with passive sentences. What language interventions for her would target?	Syntax are it refers to the arranging of words to make sentences.
Scott is in middle school, but still makes statements like "I saw three mans in the front office" or "I gotted new high-tops yesterday", What language interventions should be used?	Language intervention should target morphology because it targets the morphemes that are free or bound. In this case, he has problems with the bound Morpheme and using the correct one at the end of a word.
Task-related attending skills include: a)Compliance to request b)Writing the correct answer on the chalkboard c)Listening to assignment d)Repeating instructions	Listening to the assignment is an attending skill because it is used to receive a message. Compliance may have nothing to do with what was said at the moment. Repetition of instructions may be a compensatory strategy.
Teaching children functional skills that will be useful in their home life and neighborhoods is the basis of:	Community-based instruction.
In order to effectively differentiate instruction, the teacher must do all of the following, EXCEPT	Assessing all students uniformly on the same set of standards is not differentiated inst. Teachers must deter where students are at in ref to obj., then tailor lesson & acty,& the content of lesson must be varied. How is taught and assessd is dif
Career exploration involves all of the fol activities EXCEPT: a) Listening to guest speakers b)contextual learning Atcy c)Simulated work Exp d)Job shadowing	Listening to guest speakers does not provide the direct, hands-on activities needed to explore a career. Listening to guest speakers falls into the Career Awareness component of career educ.
The transition activities that have to be addressed, unless the IEP teams finds it uncalled for, include all of the following EXCEPT	The three transition activities addressed in Student's IEP are" Instruction, Community exp, and Development of obj related to employment and post school areas. Volunteer Opp. is not one of the three.
Brown vs. Board of Educ 1954	Addressed inequality of "separate but equal" facilities due to race. The concept of segregation was inherently unequal was later applied to student's with disabilities
Diana v. the State Board of Education 1970	Resulted in the decision that all children must be tested in their own language.
Wyatt vs. Stickney	Established the right to adequate treatment (education) for institutionalized persons with mental retardation.
Pennsylvania Assoc for Retarded Citzens (PARC) vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.	Special Educ was granted to children with mental retardation. The victory in this case sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities.
Mills vs. Board of Education of the District of Columbia:	The right to special Educ was extended to all children with disabilities, not just mentally retarded children. Judgments in PARC and Mills paved the way for PL 94-142.
Public Law 93-112 (Rehabilitation Amend of 1973)	Federal statue that addressed rights of disabled youth, prohibited discrimination in Educ, Emplyment, or Housing based on disability.
Section 504 Rehabilitation Act of 1973)	Section 504 expands an older law and provides protection to other areas that receive federal assistance such as schools. Protection extended to physical or mental disability, recorded, & regarded as having a disability.
Public Law 93-380 (Education Amend of 1974)	Public Law 94-142 is the funding portion for this law. It required states to provide full educ opportunities for child with disabilities. It addressed: ID, fair eval, alternative asses, Due process procedure & FAPE
Public Law 94-142 (Education for all Handicapped Children Act) 1975	Provide for FAPE, defined Special Educ, established rigid guidlines, section 504, extended services to 3-5 year olds. Renamed IDEA in 1990. Principles of IDEA is "normalization"
The seven fundamental provisions of IDEA are:	FAPE, Notification and procedural right to parents, ID and services to all children, Nec related services, Indv asses, IEP and LRE.
Public Law 95-56(Gifted and Talented Children's Act)	This case defined the fifted and talented population, and focused upon this exceptionality category which was not included in Public 94-142
Parents in Action on Special Educ (PASE) v Hannon 1980	This case ruled that IQ tests are necessarily biased against ethnic and racial subcultures.
Board of Educ v. Rowley	Amy Rowley was a deaf elementary school student whose parents rejected their school districts proposal to provide a tutor and speech therapist. The supreme court ruled in the districts favor. Which meant that the states are obligated to provide this serv
Public Law 98-199 (Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) Amendments) 1983	This law amended Public Law 94-142 to provide added emphasis on parental educ and preschool, secondary and post-secondary programs for children and youth with disabilities.
Smith v. Robinson 1984	Case revolved around the reimbursement of attorney's fees for parent who win ligation under IDEA. Prior to this court case, no reimbursement was provided. Congress passed a law awarding reimbursements to parents.
Public Law 99-457 1986 (Revisions of EHA)	Begining in school year 1991-1992 special Ed programs required for children 3-5, with most states offering outreach programs to ID special needs from birth to 3. Establish IFSP ,rev every 6 months.
School Board of Nassau County v Arline 1987	Ruled that contagious diseases are a disability under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and that people with them are protected from discrimination if otherwise qualified
Honig v Doe 1988	Students may not be denied educ or exclusion from school when their misbehavior is related to their handicap. The "stay put" provision of IDEA allows students to remain in current educ setting pending outcome of admin or judicial hearings.
Public Law 101-336 (American with Disabilities Act ADA), 1990	Patterned after section 504 of the Rehab Act. Bars discrim in employment, public services, accommodations, transportation, telecommunications. ADA also protects indv with contagious diseas (AIDS)
Public Law 101-476 (Individuals with Disabilities Educ Act/ IDEA) 1990	Reauthorized and renamed EHA. This Amend changed the term "handicapped" to "disability" and expanded related services and required IEPs to contain transitional goals and obj for 16 years
What improvement refinement in special education was a result of the individuals with Disabilities Educ. Improv. Act 2004?	Established that speciaEdutor become highly qualified if they teach core academic content to students with disabilities.
The professional who has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities is the?	General Ed.Teachers is the person most likely to bring attention of profess.a student who he she suspects has a disability. Special Ed Teachers, counselors & administrators who offer services/support
The most meaningful information about student progress is determined by? a)observation b)checklist C)standardized test d direct/frequent measures of student performance	Direct and frequent measure of student performance is correct since use of multiple assessment source provides a clear picture of student progress.
Annie, a student with reading disability, attained benchmark levels in reading fluency and comprehension for her grade level. This scenario describes which decision-making area?	Program evaluation as there is a change in the program. Screening-initial are of determ disability. Instructional Eval - instructional procedure. Program setting- environ where service is given.
A freq & ongoing measure of student knowledge & skills & the exam of student date to eval instructions is: a) RTI b)progress monitoring c)regular educ initiative d)inclusion	Progress monitoring designs instructions to meet indiv student needs. (RTI is a model for screening students and using their data for Special Edu Svs. Regular educ init and inclusion-putting students with disa in GenEd classrooms.
After the passage of a law, legal guidelines for implementing the law are written. These guidelines are called: a)regulations b)due process c)compliance d)litigation	After each re authorization, REGULATIONS, which are the legal guidelines of implementing the law are written. Due process, compliance, and litigation are different terminology involving the legal process.
Which of the following sections is typically presented first in psycho educational reports? a)bkground & referal info b)Iding data c)test results d)test interpretations	Identifying Data is typically the information presented in a psycho educ eval report. Background and referr
Which is NOT a correct guideline when using manipulatives? a)use of verbal explan with using manipulatives b)selection of materials c)use of variety of materials d)teacher demonstrates with manipulatives	Teacher demonstrates with manipulatives as students observe is correct because students must be given the opportunity to actively work with the manipulatives.
Focusing on text structure helps students set up a framework to organize the information that students will be reading. One very effective way to focus on text structure is to use	Graphic Organizers are visual to fill information about the text. Incremental rehearsal, pre-teaching sight vocb & word walls are activities used for directly teaching high-freq words.
Which statement is NOT a step for explicitly pre-teaching vocabulary words?	Vocabulary words are displayed on word cards or on a vocabulary chart because this would help students to review the words on a regular basis to ensure words remain familiar to students after they have been taught.
Mrs. J. takes 20 mins a day for word study. She models skills & strategies to decipher words, explains its importance,& guides students in the acquisition of skill & strategy. What instruction method is she using?	She is using explicit instruction because the topic is taught in logical order and taught by demonstration, explanation and practice.
What level of text should be used for repeated reading? a)the level where students recognize 50% of word recognition b)Any level as long as it engages the student c)Instructional Level d)A level that is slightly higher than student's level	Repeated reading should be conducted in the students instructional level because students need practice at this level in order to gain fluency
What is the primary reason to use the internet for education purposes?	The primary reason to use the internet for educ purposes is that students spend less time in the classroom completing course work at their convenience.
Which commonality does not describe someone as having emotional disorders/behavioral disorders	The commonality that does not describe someone with emotional/behavioral disorders, is the behavioral that falls on the lower range of the norm.
Making a positive phone call to parents is an example of a(n) a)activity reinforcer b)tangible reinforcer c)primary reinforcer d)social reinforcer	A social reinforcer is the correct answer. having extra recess is an exp of an activity reinforce. Earning a prize, is a tangible reinforcer. Food is a primary reinforcer (student must find rewarding)
If J arrives to school with a weapon and is suspended , what is the length of time J can be placed in an appropriate interim alternative education setting?	J Can spend 45 days in alternative education setting.
A graph that displays the data over time by adding each day to previous ones is called a?	A cumulative graph builds on information presented over time.
Carmen in Mr. Tanaka's class is constantly asking "What time is it"? she does this 15 times a day. He usually responds to carmen's request. Which intervention do you think will be most effective?	Carmen's behavior is attention-seeking. Differential reinforcement may be applied to behaviors that are habits, do not need to re reduced rapidly & do not need to reduced to zero.
When children use their knowledge of familiar and predictable letter patterns to speed up the process of reading words, they are in?	Consolidated-alphabetic phase. Pre-alpha is recognizing words at sight due to visual&contextual cues. Partial-alpha is being able to develop knowledge of letters and detect letter-sound relation. Full alpha, readers can match all letters &sounds.
Choose the statement that is not a guideline for teaching phonemic awareness?	Teaching phonemic awareness as a whole class instruction is the answer as the guideline to teach students is small groups instructions.
The understanding of the individual spoken words can be broken into individual syllables (Won-der-ful) is known as:	Phonological awareness because students can hear the three different sounds in this word.
Which of the fol techniques can help students when trying to get across the author's meaning through prosodic cues such as pitch, loudness, stress, and pauses?	Choral reading is the answer because helps students listen to advance readers.
Contextual analysis is using surrounding context and student prior knowledge of syntax and content for increasing vocabulary acquisition. What strategy would be effective in contextual analysis?	A Cloze passage involves supplying a likely word replacement based on content of passage. Vocabulary notebook is used to practice unfamiliar terms. Vocabulary trip is good for brainstorming a particular concept. Definitional "K" is relating new words
Strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework are:	Prediction, questioning, clarification, summarizing.
Which of the following system of language governs the structure of words and word forms	Morphology refers to word formation.
For the majority of people around the world, communication abilities develop	In the same order until the child actually uses language, and then at different paces around the world.
One way to reduce isolation of weaker readers is to?	The student is less likely to feel isolated if all students in the class are working on one theme or content area
Which category of transition activities prepares a student for a future education?	Employment activities assist students in choosing appropriate post secondary training for entering the workforce immediately after graduation.
Identify the activity that would be included in the personal-social domain of transition planning.	Set up a savings account for expenses related to purchasing a car is the correct answer as money and budgeting are part of the persona;-leisure domain of transition planning.
G attended Gen ED and Special Ed in H.S. During his IEP meeting, G shared his desires of owning a home someday. What aspect of transitioning planning is presented in this scenario that involves development of positive post-school outcomes?	Socioeconomic status is correct because buying a home as to do with G's income status.

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FTCE ESE

Exceptional Education

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