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KINS 3373
Chap 18
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Deviance | _____ by definition is not necessarily positive or negative. Not conforming to the rules and norms of a group. |
| Over or Under | Deviance can result from ___-conforming or ____-conforming to sports rules, traditions, and culture. |
| Group | Deviance is not conforming to the rules and norms of a ____. |
| Officiating | There is less deviance from playing by the rules today in sports than there has been in the past because of better ____ and tougher penalties for infractions. |
| Coaches | ____ are being held accountable for promoting positive play and teaching athletes how to play within the letter and spirit of sport rules. |
| Behavior | Today there are effective programs promoting good sporting ____ beginning in youth sport. |
| Alcohol abuse | ____ and social class have been related to off-field violence by athletes. |
| Violence | The outcome of the game has been related to an increase of off-field ____ by athletes. |
| Masculinity | Athletes are more likely to engage in off-field violence when there is a challenge to their ____. |
| Women | Men who control _____ through their profession are most likely to commit acts of violence against women. |
| Performance enhancement | In the past 20 years, anabolic steroids have received the most attention as ____ ____ drugs. |
| Most; Eating disorders | Gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cross country, tennis, and figure skating are the ____ likely to be associated with athletes who develop ____ ____. |
| Soccer | Hooliganism among spectators is closely associated with _____. |
| Hazing | According to a study completed at Alfred University, ____, which includes drinking contests and other humiliating behaviors, is experienced by 80% of college athletes. |
| Gambling | Although 48 of the 50 U.S. states allow legalized ____, sports wagering is banned in every state with the exception of Nevada, Oregon, and Delaware. |
| Consumers | Interactionist theorists believe that any changes in the future in sport will be the result of demand from ____ of sport. |
| Not | Athletes over 50 have ___ benefited from fairly recent laws protecting opportunities to participate in sport. |
| Equipment | Improved ____ will contribute to new records in performance, enable newcomers to learn sports more easily and will help keep older athletes involved. |
| Functionalists | Those who believe sports can be improved by better marketing and promotion, athletes who act as role models, events that are fan friendly, better promoting of record-setting performances, and enforcement of tough drug testing are categorized as ____. |
| Youth | Funding sources, facility use, media attention and control of ____ sport are all likely to be a source of contention between high performance sport supporters and participation sport supporters. |
| Deviant | ____ behavior is behavior that is beyond "normal" behavior, can be good or bad. |
| Under | ____-conformity refers to breaking the rules and/or not adhering to norms. |
| Over | ____-conformity refers to internalizing the rules to the extreme. |
| Socially | The three major theories used to examine deviance or violence in sport are frustration-aggression, instinct, and aggression as a ____ learned behavior. |
| Instinct | ____ theory states that sports such as boxing and wrestling can help to teach athletes to control the negative behavior |
| Frustration-aggression | ____-____ theory states that athletes react violently as a result of repeated penalties or lack of success with temper tantrums or extreme hostility. |
| Aggression | ____ theory states that aggression is learned from role-models such as family members and athletes. Courts have ruled that coaches and professional athletes are role models and should follow rules to control behavior b/c athletes. |
| Body | Brutal ____ contact is common to sports rules are established to control the actions and protect athletes from extreme or unsafe collisions, hits, blocks, body checks, etc. |
| Borderline | _____ violence occurs when athletes violate rules. However, some borderline violence is generally accepted such as pitching to brush a hitter off plate, bumping a runner, etc. |
| Quasi-criminal | ____ violence occurs when athletes or coaches violate rules, public laws & informal norms to extremes that are unaccepted in the sport. These include cheap shots, late hits, flagrant fouls, etc. |
| Criminal | ____ violence is when athletes or coaches act clearly outside the law which can lead to prosecution of the offense. Attacks or destruction after being ejected, going after fans or media personnel are examples of this type of violence. |
| Hazing | ____ is any activity expected of someone joining the group that humiliates, degrades, abuses or endangers, regardless of the person's willingness to participate. |
| Humiliation | Hazing generally does not include activities such as rookies carrying the balls, team parties with community games, or going out with your teammates, unless an atmosphere of _____, abuse or danger arises. |
| Victimization. | Hazing is an act of power and control over others --- it is _____. |
| Accidental | Hazing is pre-meditated and NOT _____. |
| Abusive | Hazing is ______, degrading and often life-threatening. |
| Coach's | It is the _____ responsibility to be aware of any type of hazing, to protect athletes from hazing and to end hazing at their school. |
| Safety | Even if there's no malicious "intent" ____ may still be a factor in traditional hazing activities that are considered to be "all in good fun." |
| Respect | Victims of hazing rarely report having ____ for those who have hazed them. Just like other forms of victimization, hazing breeds mistrust, apathy and alienation. |
| Eating | In the United States, 40% of female athletes and less than 10% of male athletes have an ____ disorder. |
| Triad | Female athlete ____ is when an athlete has 3 serious conditions: disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. |
Created by:
Razorbacks