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4.4-4.5

QuestionAnswer
Conversion is when you switch the subject term with the predicate term. All A are B becomes All B are A
Conversion: All A are B becomes All B are A
Conversion: No A are B No B are A
Conversion: Some A are B Some B are A
Conversion: Some A are not B Some B are not A
Conversions that are logically equivalent are: (Hold the same truth value) E: No A are B and No B are A I: Some A are B and Some B are A
Illicit Conversion (Do not hold the same truth value) A: All A are B and All B are A O: Some A are not B and Some B are not A
Obversion Occurs by changing the quality and replacing the predicate with the term complement.
Obversion: All A are B No A are non-B
Obversion: Some A are B Some A are not non-B
Obversion: No A are B All A are non-B
Obversion: Some A are not B Some A are non-B
All obverse statements are Logically equivalent
Contraposition Switch the subject and the predicate term. And replace the subject and predicate term with their complement.
Contraposition: All A are B become All non-B are non-A
Contraposition: No A are B No non-B are non-A
Contraposition: Some A are B Some non-B are non-A
Some A are not B Some non-B are not non-A
Which contraposition statements are logically equivalent A: All A are B and All non-B are non-A O: Some A are not B and Some non-B are not non-A
Illicit contraposition E: No A are B and No non-B are non-A I: Some A are B and Some non-B are non-A
Conversion: Switch subject and predicate terms. E and I have same truth value.
Obversion: Change quality, replace predicate with complement. A, E, I and O all have same truth value
Contrapositive: Switch subject and predicate terms, then replace with each with their complement. A and O have same truth value
Contradictory relations works the same as they do in the Modern Square of Opposition.
Contradictory: if A is true then O is false
Contradictory: If E is true then I is false
Contrary Under the traditional Square of Opposition, the statements of A and E differ than in the modern model which states they are logically indeterminate
Contrary position, which applies to universal statements, holds that at least one is false (not both true).
Contrary: “A” is true then "E" is false. And if E is true then the corresponding A is false.
Contrary: "A" is false, the corresponding E can be either True or False.
Contrary: E is False then the A can be either True or False.
Contrary: 1. All A are B 2. Therefore, no A are B. Assume 1 is true, then 2 is False
Contrary: 1. It is false that No A are B 2. Therefore all A are B assume 1 is false as it states, then 2 is Indeterminate
Subcontrary applies to particular statements holds that at least one is true (not both false)
Subcontrary: If I is false the O is true
Subcontrary: If the O is false then the I is true
Subcontrary: If I is True then O is either true or false
Subcontrary: If O is true then I is either true or false
Subcontrary: 1. It is false that Some A are B 2. Therefore, Some A are not B. If we assume 1 is true, then 2 is True
Subcontrary: Some A are not B Therefore some A are B IF we assume 1 is true as it states, then 2 is indeterminate
Subalternation position applies the quantity of the propositional statement, truth flows downward and Falsity flows upward.
Subalt: if A is True then I is True
Subalt: If I is False then A is False
Subalt: if A is false then the I is logically indetermined.
Subalt: if I is True then A is logically indetermined.
Subalt truth flows downwards and false flows upwards
Subalt: 1.All A are B. 2.Therefore, Some A are B. If we assume 1 is true, then 2 is True
Subalt: 1.Some A are not B. 2.Therefore, no A are B. If we assume 1 is true, then 2 is Indeterminate
Created by: rorossonera
 

 



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