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Question | Answer |
---|---|
What did Africans mainly provide in the trade between East Africa and Asia? | Raw materials or things from the earth. |
How did the rulers of Ghana grow rich? | By taxing the goods traders carried through their territory. |
Who were the people that broke away from Mali's empire and gained control of all the all-important trade routes? | Songhai |
In the stateless societies of Africa, how were conflicts commonly settled? | Through discussion and negotiation. |
Why did the African trade routes shift to the east several times? | Gold deposits were found further east. |
What does it mean if an African society is matrilineal? | Children trace their ancestors through their mothers. |
How did Islam spread throughout Africa? | Through conquest and trade (Mali). |
Who was Mali's first great ruler? | Sundiata or Mansa Musa. |
What city controlled trade routes and was the economic, political and religious center of the African Empire? | The Great Zimbabwe |
The Swahili language developed from a mixture of what two languages? | Arabic and Bantu. |
The original Almohads and Almoravids were both part of what African group? | The Berbers. |
Describe the main features and achievements of Ghana. | Grew rich by taxing the gold and salt trade. |
Describe the main achievements of Mali. | Two rulers- Sundiata and Mansa Musa brought organization to Mali. Mansa Musa brought Islam to Mali. |
Describe the main features and achievements of Songhai. | Rulers- Askai Muhammad and Sumiku's leadership allowed the Songhai to take over after Mali and take control over gold and salt trade. EMPIRE BUILT ON MILITARY CONQUEST. |
How were stateless African societies organized? | Through lineage groups (age set system). |
How did Genghis Kahn succeed as a conqueror? | Through brilliant military strategy and organization. |
What was true of the Mongol Empire? | It was the largest unified land empire in history. |
Which Mongolian practice did Kublai Khan not follow? | A nomadic way of life. |
What is a tributary state? | A state in which one civilization controls another through paying taxes. |
What helped China to become a great sea power under Song leadership? | The invention of the magnetic compass. |
What contributed to the fall of the Tang dynasty? | Over-taxing of peasants, series of internal rebellions, inability to maintain order. |
What helped the Chinese overthrow the Mongol rulers? | The internal struggles between Mongol family members. |
What happened during the Pax Mongolica? | A period of peace in China- The Golden Age/cultural high point/economic prosperity. Re-development of civil service exam. |
What is a tsunami? | something that occurs when an earthquake creates a giant wave. |
What does the term Bushido mean? | The way of the warrior (Values: loyalty, respect, honesty) |
What is a Samurai? | The warrior class: meant to protect their lords. |
What does the term "Shinto" mean? | Belief in nature spirits (polytheistic religion) |
Which country had the greatest influence on Southeast Asia in the years 500-1000? | India |
Unlike most of Southeast Asia, Vietnam was influenced most by what country? | China |
Describe women's status during the Tang and Song periods. | Considered below or inferior to men. |
What are some enduring characteristics of Japanese government? | The emperor reigned as a figurehead while another power/person ruled. |
What was Japan's response to its first contact with Chinese culture? | Japanese borrowed many Chinese practices and adapted them (selective borrowing). |
The areas of Mesoamerica includes what areas? | Mexico and Central America. |
How did the Inca add territory to their empire? | A combination of military force and diplomacy- working together with those you conquered. |
What is one way the Aztec society differed from the Maya society? | The Aztecs had a unified empire rather than city-states. |
Maya cities were especially known for what architectural achievements? | Stone temples and palaces. |
Why did the Mayan civilization decline? | The loss of faith (belief system, disease/ilness, overuse of resources. |
At what skill were the Incas masters? | Metalworking and irrigation. |
Why did the Aztecs sacrifice humans? | To appease the gods. |
In 1428, the Aztecs joined with two other city-states; Texcoco and Tlacopan to form what group? | The Triple Alliance- they all worked together to control the area. |
The decline of the Inca can be traced to what events? | The Spanish invasion and conquest, civil war. |
Define the mita. | Tribute of labor- Inca. |
The Renaissance roughly covers what time period? | 1300s-1600s AD |
What does secular mean? | worldly |
During the Renaissance, there was a revival of interest or rebirth of what? | Greek and Roman knowledge (art and learning too) |
The birthplace of the Italian Renaissance was what city?How did Italy's location help make it the starting point of the Renaissance? | Florence. Mediterranean trade brought wealth to the area. Geographically where Roman empire started. People started to value Greek and Roman culture. |
Define humanism. The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of what topics? | The belief in individual achievement and the present (everyday life). The study of Greek and Roman culture. |
Define patron. What did you need to become a patron? | Someone who supports the arts financially. Needed to be wealthy. |
What is perspective? This technique is most useful in what type of art? | A skill used in drawing and painting. Most useful in two-dimensional art. |
Who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper? | Leonardo DaVinci |
How was Renaissance art different from the art of the Middle Ages? | More realistic and portrayed some non-religious subjects. |
Who sculpted David and painted the Sistine Chapel? | Michelangelo |
Who invented the printing press? | Johan Gutenburg |
What did the Renaissance painters show in their artwork that reflected the new ideas of humanism? | Showed realism or real life in their works. |
Who was the English renaissance writer who wrote 37 plays? | Shakespeare |
Define the vernacular. | A native or local language rather than the classical language (Greek and Latin). |
What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press? | Made it easier to attain knowledge. Increase in literacy and the use of the vernacular |
Define theocracy. | When a leader is both the political and religious leader. |
Define indulgences. | A way of buying entry into heaven by paying the church for your sins. |
Martin Luther's arguments against indulgences are contained in what famous document? | The 95 Theses |
What caused the reformation? | Simony, selling of indulgences, anger at worldliness of the church. |
Define predestination. | John Calvin Believed that god decided who will go to heaven and who will go to hell. |
What did Vasco de Gama succeed in gaining for Portugal? | A sea route between Portugal and India. |
The Line of Demarcation established a boundary between which two regions? | New lands that Portugal could claim and those that Spain could claim. |
During the 1500s, what was China's official trade policy? | More of an isolationism policy. |
Korea was a vassal state of which country during the 1700s? | China |
What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas? | isolationism policy |
Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations? | Italy |
Who conquered the Aztec empire? | Fernando Cortez |
Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus first land? | An island in the Caribbean Sea. |
What was the purpose of most the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s? | the funding of colonies |
Why did Europeans see Africans as better source of labor than Native Americans? | They were strangers to the new land and they had no allies. |
What was the main economic activity in New France? | the fur trade |
Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas? | Spain |
What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? | new wealth from trade and the colonies. |
What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain? | Incas- they enslaved the people. Mercantilism- the idea that wealth=power. |
Explain the new economic system that developed in Europe and the policy that went along with it. | Capitalism- free enterprise, wealth=power |