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According to Jared Diamond, what are the three major elements that separate the world’s
“haves” from the “have nots”?
“haves” from the “have nots”?
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Jared Diamond refers to the people of New Guinea as “among the world’s most culturally diverse and adaptable people in the world”, yet they have much less than Americans.Diamond developed a theory and he says it boils down to geographic luck. Give ex.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| According to Jared Diamond, what are the three major elements that separate the world’s “haves” from the “have nots”? | Guns, germs, and steel |
| Jared Diamond refers to the people of New Guinea as “among the world’s most culturally diverse and adaptable people in the world”, yet they have much less than Americans.Diamond developed a theory and he says it boils down to geographic luck. Give ex. | Egypt created vast pyramids while the rest of the world was discovering how to survive/make a living; Greece created a great civilization while other parts of the world barely established towns |
| For thousands of years, people have been cultivating crops. Describe the process used to domesticate crops and create plants that yielded bigger, tastier harvests. | People interfere with in nature by planting and harvesting at specifi c times, choosing only the biggest, tastiest, easy to harvest seeds from the crops, and selecting individual plants for use in breeding the next year’s crops to increase the harvest. |
| According to Diamond, livestock also plays a significant role in a civilization’s ability to become rich and powerful. How did the domestication of animals help people? Give several examples. | breeding animals for use as meat & their milk as well as providing skins for clothing, using the animals for plowing, & transport. Also, animals were important to farming because they could provide the fields with fertilizer at the same time. |
| List the animals that can be domesticated and where they can be found. | llama-South America, Asia, North Africa, and Europe had the others: goats, sheep, pigs, cows, horses, donkeys, camels, water buffalo, reindeer, yaks, nithans, and cattle. |
| Looking at the list of animals and locations from question 5, discuss how Diamond’s theory about geographic luck applies here. | domesticated animals led to greater productivity, and the majority of these domesticable animals were native to the temperate climates of the world where the most powerful civilizations developed. |
| How did the movement of the early civilizations of the Fertile Crescent (Middle East) further support Diamond’s idea that geography played a key role in the success of a civilization? | The Fertile Crescent -dry climate & a fragile environment. The people did not have conservation methods. they over-exploited the land & environment.The land could no longer support them. Middle East had same latitude as eurasia, which allowed them to live |
| Do you agree with Jared Diamond when he says of a civilizations ability to gain power, wealth, and strength, “…what’s far more important is the hand that people have been dealt, the raw materials they’ve had at their disposal.” Why or why not? | *** |
| According to Jared Diamond, what is the one factor that allowed Europeans to develop the forces necessary to conquer vast portions of the world? | Geography-having the most productive crops and animals allowed Europeans to develop guns, germs, and steel, & conquer the world |
| Why were the Europeans who settled the South African cape so successful? Describe two reasons. | temperature and climate in the South African cape is nearly the same as what the Europeans had at home. Because the Cape and Europe have similar latitude, they can grow the same types of crops and raise the same types of livestock in Africa just like home |
| How did disease allow the Europeans to conquer the native populations in the Americas and in the African cape? | Europeans introduced germs that these populations had never before been exposed to (smallpox. Europeans had natural resistance due to long time exposure. When Americans & S. Africans were exposed, they died in large numbers making land takeover easier |
| Europeans suffered from the germs native to this part of the world. Describe how these germs worked against the Europeans. | The Europeans were experiencing a reversal of pattern. Rather than introducing germs to the people they hoped to conquer, they were being infected by the germs that were indigenous to Africa and losing their livestock and their own lives as a result. |
| How did the native Africans protected themselves from the germs that caused diseases such as Smallpox and Malaria? Give specific examples cited in the film. | Africans developed immunity to Smallpox through repeated exposure & vaccinations that could provide immunity for life & Africans knew how to avoid diseases like Malaria by preventing infection: |
| How did the native Africans protected themselves from the germs that caused diseases such as Smallpox and Malaria? Give specific examples cited in the film(continued...) | by choosing to live in high, dry areas where the mosquitoes did not typically live. b/c Africans lived in small communities spread out , they minimized the transmission. European lived in areas with great exposure malaria. |
| How has the colonization of Africa created countries riddled with disease? Give specific examples from the film. | B/c Europeans forced the native Africans out of their villages & into cities and large, crowded communities to mine & ferry natural resources, & took economic & social systems away from these people. people together where diseases are easily spread... |
| How has the colonization of Africa created countries riddled with disease? Give specific examples from the film(continued...) | native populations lost the immunity to these diseases. b/c the disease mutated, drugs = less effective. there are high numbers of people infected with & dying from diseases like Malaria. also, HIV/AIDS spread more easily b/c of many people together |
| What is the number one public health problem in Zambia, and who are the people primarily affected by this? | Malaria. It is the number one killer of African children under the age of 5. |
| How has disease contributed to the poverty in many African countries such as Zambia? | It has decreased life expectancy dramatically. average lifespan in Zambia is 35. Because the disease affects so many children so frequently, many mothers who would be working & contributing to the society are sitting in hospitals nursing sick children. |
| According to statistics from the film, how has Malaria effected the net growth in Africa over the last 50 years? | Malaria has caused 1% NEGATIVE growth in Africa EACH YEAR for the past 50 years. This has caused them to become poverty stricken. |
| At the time that the Spanish conquistador’s invaded the Inca Empire, they were armed with state of the art weaponry. Describe this weaponry. | horses that made them appear like god-like half man, half beast warriors, body armor, guns, and steel swords. |
| What is Jared Diamond’s explanation for why the Spanish had advanced to steel swords while Inca’s were still making tools and weapons from bronze? | B/c Europe is geographically close to the Fertile Crescent, they inherited the 7,000 years of metal technology developed there. B/c of a diversified society that allowed for specialization,Spanish devoted time & effort producing long, strong, sharp swords |
| How did the battle tactics used by the Spanish conquistadors help the small army defeat the Inca army that outnumbered it by the thousands? | Spaniards begin by surprising the Incas, firing their guns & coming out of hiding on horseback. As they rode, the conquistadors used their swords to hack, cut, & stab the Incas who were panicking & fleeing rather than standing firm. |
| How did the battle tactics used by the Spanish conquistadors help the small army defeat the Inca army that outnumbered it by the thousands?(continued...) | If Incas knew more about this style of fighting, they could have been victorious by sheer numbers if they had stood their ground. |
| According to Jared Diamond, what made the Europeans “accidental conquerors”? | Because of their geographic location and history, the Europeans were the first to acquire guns, germs, and steel, therefore they could conquer other lesser developed civilizations. |
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