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OAT - Chem
Chapter - 6 Thermochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spontaneous rxn | under a given set of circumstances, the rxn can occur by itself without outside assistance |
| System | the particular part of the universe being studied |
| surroundings/environment | everything outside of the system |
| Isolated System | cannot exchange matter or E with surroundings |
| Closed System | can exchange E but not matter with surroundings |
| Open System | can exchange both matter and E with surroundings |
| Isothermal | Temp of system remains constant |
| Adiabatic | No heat exchange occurs, volume remains constant |
| Isobaric | Pressure of the system remains constant |
| Heat | form of E that can easily transfer to or from a system; from warmer system to cooler system |
| Endothermic | positive, heat absorbed |
| Exothermic | negative, heat lost |
| 1 cal | 4.184 J |
| Heat Equation | q = mcat |
| State Functions | properties whose magnitude depends only on initial and final states of system; P V T |
| Enthalpy | H; heat changes at constant pressure; products - reactants |
| Standard Heat of Formation | Hf; enthalpy change that occurs if one mole of a compound were formed directly from its elements in standard state |
| Hess's Law | enthalpies of rxns are additive |
| Heat of Vaporization | from liquid to gas Hv |
| Bond E/Bond Dissociation E | avg of the E required to break a type of bond in one mole of gaseous molecules |
| Bond Breakage is always... | endothermic |
| Bond Formation is always... | exothermic |
| Bond E equation | bonds broken+bonds formed (reactants-products) |
| Entropy | measure of the disorder or randomness of a system (J/K); products-reactants |
| Entropy Spontaneous | means entropy of system increases, more disorder |
| Gibbs Free E | G; max amount of E released by a process; G = H - TS |
| G is negative | spontaneous, H negative |
| G is positive | nonspontaneous, H positive |
| G is zero | equilibrium |
| If H and S are positive | rxn is spontaneous at high temps |
| If H and S negative | rxn is spontaneous at low temps |
| When H G or S is followed by a degrees symbol | the rxn occurs during standard conditions of T and P |
| G degrees equation | G degrees= -RT ln Keq but when rxn starts Keq becomes Q |
| Q | rxn quotient |
| G equation | G = G degrees + RT ln Q |
| R | gas constant |
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