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HAZMAT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Governing body that sets operational policy and procedures for the jurisdiction in which you operate | Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) |
| This reference is good for the first 15mins of a Hazmat incident | Emergency Response Guidebook ERG |
| Operations level responders need to know | How materials behave and symptoms & effects of exposure of pg192 |
| A material's _____&______ determine how it behaves once it has been released from its container | Physical and chemical properties pg 192 |
| Fluid that has neither independent shape nor volume, tend to expand indefinitely. | Gas pg 193 |
| Fluid that has no independent shape but does have a specific volume. | Liquid. Pg 193 |
| Substance that has both specific shape and volume. | Solid. Pg. 193 |
| Gases are difficult if not impossible to contain for mitigation purposes and will move according to ______ | Prevailing wind and air movement. Pg 193 |
| Hazardous gas in the air potentially presents a ____ hazard and a _____ hazard | Breathing and contact hazard. Pg 193 |
| Liquids may give off vapors that become inhalation hazards the liquid itself is primarily a ____ or ____ hazard | Splash or contact hazard. Pg 194 |
| The majority of hazardous materials incidents involve materials that are ____ | Flammable. Pg 194 |
| ______ is the minimum temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface | Flash point. Pg. 194 |
| At this temperature the vapors will flash in the presence of an ignition source but will not continue to burn. | Flash point. Pg 194 |
| _____ is the temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning. Slightly higher than the flash point. | Fire point. Pg 196 |
| ______ of a substance is the minimum temperature to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self sustained combustion without initiation from an independent ignition source. | Autoignition temperature. Pg 197 |
| All flammable materials have ______ and these are considerably higher than the flash or fire point. | Autoignition temperatures. Pg 197 |
| The minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self sustained combustion independent of the heating or heated element. | Ignition temperature. Pg. 197 |
| The temperature at which a mixture will spontaneously ignite. | Autoignition temperature. Pg 197 |
| The ____, _____, or _____ is the percentage of the gas or vapor concentration in the air that will burn or explode if ignited | Flammable, explosive, or combustible range. Pg198 |
| The _____ of a vapor or gas is the lowest concentration or lowest percentage of the substance in air, that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is present. | Lower explosive limit LEL or lower flammable limit LFL. Pg 198 |
| The ____ of a vapor or gas is the highest concentration or highest percentage of the substance in air that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is present. | Upper explosive limit UEL or upper flammable limit UFL. Pg 198 |
| ______ is the pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container. | Vapor pressure. Pg 200 |
| _____ is the pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by a liquid. | Vapor pressure. Pg 200 |
| Vapor pressure is usually reported in what type of measurement on safety data sheets? | (mmHg) millimeters of mercury. Pg 200 |
| 760mmHg is equivalent to ___ psi or 1 atmosphere at standard temperature | 14.7 pg 200 |
| The lower the boiling point of a substance, the higher its _____ will be. | Vapor pressure. Pg200 |
| ______ is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure. | Boiling point |
| The boiling point is usually expressed in degrees Fahrenheit (Celsius) at sea level. Pg 202 | For mixtures, the initial Boiling Point, or Boiling Point Range may be given. Pg 202 |
| If the resulting increase in internal vapor pressure exceeds the vessel's ability to relieve the excess pressure it can cause the container to fail catastrophically. This is known as a _____. | BLEVE or violent rupture. Pg 202 |
| Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure. Pg 203 | The majority of gases have a vapor density greater than 1. Pg 204 |
| Some substances will actually ______ or change directly from a solid to a gas without going to a liquid state in between. | Sublime. Pg 203 |
| ______ is the weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. | Vapor density. Pg 204 |
| All vapors and gases will mix with air. The spread of vapors cannot be predicted exactly from vapor density because topography, weather conditions, and the vapor mixture with air easily affects vapors. Pg 204 | Solubility in water is a term expressing the percentage of a material by weight that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. Pg 205 |
| ______ is the ability of a liquid or solid to mix with or dissolve in WATER. | Water Solubility. Pg 205 |
| Hydrocarbons don't mix with water. Polar solvents mix easily with water. Pg 205 | Miscibility is the degree or readiness to which two or more gases or liquids are able to mix with or dissolve into each other. Pg 205 |
| Two liquids that dissolve into each other in any proportion are considered ____ | Miscible. Pg 205 |
| Typically two material s that do not readily dissolve into each other are considered | Immiscible. Pg 205 |
| _____ is the ratio of the density (heaviness) of a material to the density of some standard material at standard conditions of pressure and temperature | Specific gravity. Pg 205 |
| The weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water is an expression of the density of a material | Specific gravity. Pg 205 |
| Most (but not all) flammable liquids have a specific gravity that is _____, and if not soluble , will float on water. | Less than one. Pg 206 |
| The _____ of a chemical is its ability to remain in the environment | Persistence. Pg 207 |
| The ______ of a substance is its relative ability to undergo a chemical reaction with another material | Reactivity. Pg 207 |
| _____ commonly react vigorously or violently with air, water, heat, light, each other, or other materials | Reactive materials. Pg 207 |
| The reactivity triangle consists of ____, ____, & ____ | Oxidizing agent, activation energy, & reducing agent. Pg 208 |
| All reactions require some energy to get them started, which is commonly referred to as ____ | Activation energy. Pg 208 |
| These are materials that encourage a strong reaction by readily accepting electrons from reducing agentsn | Strong oxidizers. Pg 209 |
| Materials that may undergo violent polymerization if subjected to heat or contamination are designated with a P in what sections of the ERG? | Blue and yellow. Pg 209 |
| _____ are materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction. | Inhibitors pg. 209 |
| knowledge and extreme caution are vital factors in handling emergencies involving reactive materials pg. 211 | General Emergency Behavior Model (GEBMO) model used to describe how hazardous materials are accidentally released from their containers and how they behave after the release. pg. 211 |
| Hazardous material incidents have the following common elements: | * Material or materials presenting hazards to people, the environment or property * Container or containers that have failed or have the potential to fail * Exposure or potential exposure to people, the environment , and or property |
| _______ helps first responders predict the course of an incident thereby enabling them to limit the effects of a hazardous material | GEBMO pg. 214 |
| _____ is basically a defensive mode action that is concerned with potential hazmat emergencies involving containers | GEBMO pg 214 |
| In hazardous materials incidents the following sequence generally occurs... | Stress, breach, release, dispersion/engulf, exposure/contact, harm pg. 215 |
| According to the US DOT records, almost one-fourth of all reported hazmat incidents are caused by ___________ | container failure pg. 215 |
| Common stressors to a container are____, _____, & _____. | Thermal, Chemical, Mechanical pg. 215 |
| A container may experience chemical stress with no visible indication from the exterior. pg. 215 |
Created by:
wnye