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World History II SOL
SOL 6a-6c: The Age of Revolutions, part one
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nicolaus Copernicus | 6a: (1473-1543) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. Developed heliocentric theory. |
Johannes Kepler | 6a: Hypothesized that the earth and other planets orbit the sun in elliptical (oval) patterns; not circles |
Galileo Galilei | 6a: Italian astronomer. One of the founders of Europe's scientific revolution, known for the application of the telescope to astronomy. He was able to prove Copernicus' heliocentric model correct. |
Isaac Newton | 6a: English scientist who formulated the law of gravity |
William Harvey | 6a: Hypothesized that the heart circulated the blood around the body. |
Heliocentric Theory | 6a: Idea that everything revolves around the sun; studied by Galileo and Copernicus |
Scientific Revolution | 6a: A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs |
Absolute monarchy | 6b: A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power |
Louis XIV | 6b: Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles as a symbol of royal power |
Palace of Versailles | 6b: A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles as a symbol of royal power |
Peter the Great | 6b: Russian tsar from 1689-1725. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russia; moved the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. |
English Civil War | 6b: War between Cavaliers (supporters of the king) and the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament; led by Oliver Cromwell) over control of England |
Oliver Cromwell | 6b: English leader of the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) during the English Civil War; led them to victory over the Cavaliers; called for execution of King Charles I; Later ruled England as a dictator |
Charles I | (1600-1649) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649. |
Charles II | Eldest son of Charles I; after Cromwell's dictatorial rule, Parliament asked Charles II to rule |
Glorious Revolution | 1688. Bloodless political revolution. James II leaves England; daughter Mary and her husband William are invited by Parliament to rule England. They agree to constitutions limits; they rule with Parliament and agree to a Bill of Rights. |
English Bill of Rights | King William & Queen Mary signed this in 1689; guaranteed rights to English citizens. This created a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. |
Roundheads | Led by Oliver Cromwell, this was a group mainly consisting of puritans, country land owners, and town based manufacturers; fought against the Cavaliers during the English civil war |
Cavaliers | Charles I's private forces that remained loyal to him throughout the English Civil War |
Restoration | The time period in which monarchs (Charles II) took power in England again. This followed Oliver Cromwell's rule. |