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Logic Exam 1

Fallacy Names for Elementary Logic

QuestionAnswer
Inductive Inductive FallacyPremise 1: Having just arrived in Ohio, I saw a white squirrel. Conclusion: All Ohio Squirrels are white. (While there are many, many squirrels in Ohio, the white ones are very rare).
Straw Man The Straw Man fallacy is committed when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position. This sort of "reasoning" has the following pattern:Person A has position X.Pers
Division The fallacy of Division is committed when a person infers that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituents and justification for that inference is not provided.There are two main variants of the general fallacy of Division:The first type
Begging the Question Begging the Question is a fallacy in which the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly or indirectly) assume that the conclusion is true. This sort of "reasoning" typically has the following form.Premises in which the truth of
Confusion Confusing Cause and Effect is a fallacy that has the following general form:A and B regularly occur together.Therefore A is the cause of B.This fallacy requires that there is not, in fact, a common cause that actually causes both A and B.
Appeal to Authority An Appeal to Authority is a fallacy with the following form:Person A is (claimed to be) an authority on subject S.Person A makes claim C about subject S.Therefore, C is true.This fallacy is committed when the person in question is not a legitimate authori
Gambler's The Gambler's Fallacy is committed when a person assumes that a departure from what occurs on average or in the long term will be corrected in the short term. The form of the fallacy is as follows:X has happened.X departs from what is expected to occur on
Biased This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudiced in some manner. It has the following form:Sample S, which is biased, is taken from population P.Conclusion C is drawn about Popula
Appeal to Emotion An Appeal to Emotion is a fallacy with the following structure:Favorable emotions are associated with X.Therefore, X is true.This fallacy is committed when someone manipulates peoples' emotions in order to get them to accept a claim as being true. More fo
Appeal to Tradition Appeal to Tradition is a fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or "always has been done." This sort of "reasoning" has the following form:X is old or traditionalTherefore X is c
Created by: asmith10
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