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Semester 2 review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
measures the heat changes associated with chemical reactions. | Thermochemistry |
The SI unit of Heat and energy | Joules |
refers to all the substances taking part in a reaction | system |
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. | Temperature |
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. | calorie |
a dietary calorie (Calorie) | Kilocalorie (1000 calories) |
the heat content of a system | Enthalpy (H) |
Means "The change in" something | Delta (Δ) |
when energy flows into the reaction, and ΔH is positive. Feels cold to the touch. | endothermic reaction |
when energy flows into the reaction, and ΔH is negative. Feels hot to the touch. | exothermic reaction |
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius | Specific heat capacity, (cp) |
a gas in which the particles are considered to have no density and these particles exert no attraction for each other. | ideal gas |
a gas whose particles have volume and feel an attraction for each other. | real gas |
The spontaneous mixing of gases by the random motion of their particles | diffusion |
a process by which gas particles pass through a small opening. | effusion |
the force per unit area on a surface. | pressure |
S.I. unit for pressure | pascal |
an instrument used to measure air pressure | barometer |
Temperature scale used when describing gasses | Kelvin |
states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature. | Boyle's law |
states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the temperature in Kelvin. | Charles law |
The point at which gas particles lose all their kinetic energy | absolute zero |
states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases | Law of partial pressures |
mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase | Homogeneous mixture |
the part of a solution that is being dissolved | solute |
the part of a solution that does the dissolving | solvent |
a solution that contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature. | saturated solution |
A solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature | unsaturated solution |
solutions that contain more solute than is “normally” possible to be dissolved | supersaturated solution |
reactions that occur in water | aqueous solutions |
solutions that conduct electricity when in solution or water | electrolytes |
compounds that dissolve in water but do not conduct electricity | nonelectrolytes |
The amount of solute in a solution | concentration |